Risk Factors and Spatial Clusters of Cryptosporidium Infection among School-Age Children in a Rural Region of Eastern China

Zheng, Hao; He, Jianfeng; Wang, Li; Zhang, Rong; Zhang, Ding

doi:10.3390/ijerph15050924

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The presence of chicken in the house increases the odds of intestinal parasitic infection by 4.42 folds higher in children, and by 3.39 folds higher in adults. This finding agrees with findings from China [40]. This is because chickens act as a reservoir to numerous intestinal parasite species [41].…”

Section: Intestinal Parasitic Infection Among Childrensupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study

Feleke

Beyene

Feleke³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Background Intestinal parasitic infection affects 3.5 billion people in the world and mostly affecting the low socioeconomic groups. The objectives of this research works were to estimate the prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infection among family members of known intestinal parasite infected patients. Methods and materials A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented in the urban and rural settings of Mecha district. The data were collected from August 2017toMarch 2019 from intestinal parasite infected patient household members. Epi-info software was used to calculate the sample size, 4531 household members were estimated to be included. Data were collected using interview technique, and collecting stool samples from each household contact of intestinal parasite patients. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among known contacts of intestinal parasite patients/family members. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors of intestinal parasitic infection among family members. Results The prevalence of intestinal parasite among household contacts of intestinal parasiteinfected family members was 86.14% [95% CI: 86.14%-87.15%]. Hookworm infection was the predominant type of infection (18.8%). Intestinal parasitic infection was associated with sex, environmental sanitation, overcrowding, personal hygiene, residence, substandard house, role in the household, source of light for the house, trimmed fingernails, family size, regular handwashing practice. Protozoa infection was associated with habit of ingesting raw vegetable, playing with domestic animals, water source and the presence of household water filtering materials.

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Section: Intestinal Parasitic Infection Among Childrensupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study

Feleke

Beyene

Feleke³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Our data indicate that children aged 6–14 years were more likely to be infected with enteroparasites than those aged < 1 year or 1–6 years, suggesting that children aged 6–14 years are at highest risk of infection by these parasites, which is inconsistent with previous studies [26, 27]. These discrepancies might reflect the socioeconomic levels of the study sites, the immune status of the targeted groups, and/or the sensitivity of the techniques used [28]. In this study, newborns under one month of age were also included as long as they met the criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In a previous study conducted in Henan, the infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 1.5%, but it was 0.15% in 683 HIV-positive patients in the National Free Antiretroviral Therapy Programme (NFATP) in China [33]. Cryptosporidium was detected in 0.11% of the samples in a cross-sectional study of 1637 children aged 3–9 years in Jiangsu [28]. In Sichuan Province, the infection rate of Cryptosporidium was reported to be 2.4% in a school-based cross-sectional study involving 321 elementary school children [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of three intestinal protozoans in hospitalized children with different disease backgrounds in Zhengzhou, central China

DongFang

Chang

et al. 2019

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundCryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are major intestinal pathogens that can cause diarrheal diseases in humans, especially children. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is another parasite which can cause gastrointestinal tract disorders, with diarrhea being the main clinical symptom. However, few genetic studies of these parasites in pediatric inpatients in China have been published.MethodsTo assess the genetic characteristics and epidemiological status of these parasites, a total of 2284 fecal samples were collected from children in the pediatric departments of three hospitals in Zhengzhou, central China, and screened for these protozoans with PCR, based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of E. bieneusi.ResultsSix (0.26%), 14 (0.61%), and 27 (1.18%) of the samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, respectively. Of the 12 successfully sequenced G. duodenalis isolates, four were identified as assemblage A and eight as assemblage B. In subtype and multilocus genotype (MLG) analyses, C. parvum IIdA19G1 (n = 4) and two novel G. duodenalis MLGs belonging to subassemblage AII (n = 3) and BIV (n = 5) were successfully identified. The E. bieneusi isolates included genotypes D (n = 17), J (n = 2), PigEBITS7 (n = 1), BEB6 (n = 1), and CM8 (n = 1). This is the first report of C. parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in HIV-negative children and E. bieneusi genotype CM8 in humans.ConclusionsThe dominance of zoonotic C. parvum subtype IIdA19G1 indicates that this parasite is turning into zoonotic origin from human-to-human transmission. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed the zoonotic origins and anthroponotic transmission potential of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, suggesting more efforts must be made to minimize the threat these pathogens pose to public health.

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“…Cryptosporidium spp. in economically low resource countries are the second cause of diarrheal illness and death in children and remains the only member of the diarrheal diseases for which no consistent and effective therapy is available [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 24 – 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children with diarrhoea under five years admitted to Kosti teaching hospital, Kosti City, Sudan

et al. 2021

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Background Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by infection with an intestinal coccidian parasite Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium species are the second leading cause of diarrheal disease and death in children in developing countries. Until now, no data have been available or published on its prevalence among children with diarrhea in Sudan. Therefore, this paper was designed to determine the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium among children with diarrhea under 5 years who were admitted to Kosti Teaching Hospital. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study including children under 5 years old admitted to the pediatric section of the hospital between September 2020 and December 2020. A total of one-hundred and fifty stool samples were collected. All stool samples were examined using the modified Ziehl Neelsen (mZN) staining technique and then examined microscopically for Cryptosporidium infection. Results A total of 150 children were examined out of which 70 presented with diarrhea. A greater prevalence of 19/70 (27.1%) of Cryptosporidium was observed in children with diarrhea than children without diarrhea 7/80 (8.8%). There was a significant relationship between the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and the presence of diarrhea in children under 5 years in the Kosti Teaching Hospital(P < 0.05). It was found that a higher prevalence was registered among children using piped-water sources for drinking. Conclusions The overall prevalence of parasite detected was 17.3% among children admitted to Kosti Teaching Hospital. The prevalence rate of the infection among Children with diarrhoea was 27.1%. Studying the prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis among diarrheic children may predict their health status, leading to a better diagnosis, treatment, and, therefore, patients’ status improvement.

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Risk Factors and Spatial Clusters of Cryptosporidium Infection among School-Age Children in a Rural Region of Eastern China

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study

Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study

Molecular characterization of three intestinal protozoans in hospitalized children with different disease backgrounds in Zhengzhou, central China

Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children with diarrhoea under five years admitted to Kosti teaching hospital, Kosti City, Sudan

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