Risk factors associated prevalence of hard tick in large ruminants of coastal areas of South Gujarat, India

Abstract

A total of 2617 large animals (1682 cattle and 935 buffaloes) of coastal districts (Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad) of South Gujarat were screened for tick infestation. The tick’s prevalence rate was (p less than 0.05) significantly higher in cross-breed (44.81%) as compared to indigenous cattle (22.93%)/ buffaloes (32.26%). Prevalence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Hyalomma spp., Haemaphysalis spp. and mixed tick infestation was 57.80, 13.05, 20.32 and 8.83%, respectively. Infestation rate in large animals of less than 3 years had increased up to the level of 78.28%. Animals with poor body condition/ anaemia, kept in loose house (80.53%) and allowed group feeding (70.56%) had noted higher (p less than 0.05) prevalence rate of tick. Prevalence was highest in summer (41.84%) followed by rainy (40.65%) and winter (17.50%) season. It is quite demanding to know the area-wise prevalence of the hard ticks infecting animals.

Phytochemical investigation and evaluation of acaricidal activities of Datura stramonium fruits against Rhipicephalus microplus

“…They are mostly prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, with its status being endemic in India. The prevalence of tick varies, with even reports of incidence more than 50% in some regions of the country (Patel et al, 2019). Ectoparasite populations exposed to costly, toxic environment damaging ectoparasiticides on a regular basis has led to insecticide/acaricide resistance in various agro climatic zones throughout the globe.…”

Prevalence and diversity of ixodid tick fauna in domestic animals of Andhra Pradesh state, India

“…In a study in Tamil Nadu reported the prevalence of tick infestation in domestic ruminants [18] . Similarly, in cattle and buffaloes tick infestation was recorded in the states of Punjab, Kerala and Gujarat [19][20][21] . In contrast, several workers published reports on ixodid tick infestation in cattle of various Indian states [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] .…”

“…In buffaloes, a prevalence rate at 73.26% was noted in the present study. Very low prevalence rate was noted in Kerala [20] and a moderately low and high prevalence rate of infestation was noted in Punjab [19] and Gujarat [21] . In sheep and goats, the prevalence of tick infestation was observed in Tamil Nadu state [30] , whereas slightly higher rate was reported in Karnataka state [31] .…”

“…Various studies reported tick infestations in domestic animals from different parts of India viz. Punjab [19,34], Kerala [20,43] , Gujarat [21] , Uttar Pradesh [23,25] , West Bengal [24] , Odisha [26] , Mizoram [27] , Jammu [28] , Tamil Nadu [30,44] , Uttarakhand [32,33] and Maharashtra [42] . Individual and mixed tick infestation in cattle in the present study was in accordance with the earlier findings [23,29] from Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.…”

Investigation and Prevalence of Hard Ticks Infestation in Ruminant Farm Animals in the United Kingdom

“…Risk factors associated with tick prevalence on UK farms have been investigated and included large flock sizes, upland farming and the presence of sheep on cattle farms [20]. However, there are country to country variations in the risk factors associated with tick prevalence [14,21] and this needs to be considered when determining future studies on control and prevention measures against ticks. In the UK, the only authorised acaricides for controlling ticks in sheep are deltamethrin, alphacypermethrin pour-on or high-cis cypermethrin and diazinon plunge dips, which afford upto 6, 8 or 12 week of protection against ticks [7].…”