Risk Factors Associated with Diarrhea Morbidity Among Children Younger than Five Years in the Atwima Nwabiagya District, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Danquah, Leslie

doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.17

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This study showed that children to young mothers’ group had higher risk of diarrhea than those of children to older mother’s group. This finding is in line with other studies conducted in low and middle- income countries [ 19 , 20 , 38 , 39 ]. The possible reason might be the greater experience of older women in child care and younger mothers might have less understanding and knowledge about diarrheal disease, mode of transmission and pathogens spread in the household compared to the older ones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Diarrhea and associated factors among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys of 34 sub-Saharan countries

et al. 2021

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Introduction Diarrhea is responsible for the death of more than 90% of under-five children in low and lower-middle income countries. Regionally, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 88% of deaths with the same age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among children under-five years in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods The appended, most recent demographic and health survey datasets of 34 sub-Saharan African countries were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in the region. A total weighted sample of 330,866 under-five children were included in the study. Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression were done to determine the associated factors of diarrhea among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa. The Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated for those potential factors included in the final model. Result The overall prevalence of diarrhea in this study was 15.3% (95% CI: 15.1–15.4). Those children of mothers aged 15–24 (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.30) and 25–34 years (AOR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.18), those children of mothers with no education (AOR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.57–1.82), primary education (AOR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.61–1.86) and secondary education (AOR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.38–1.59) had higher odds of having diarrhea. Those children from poorest (AOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.19), poorer (AOR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.08–1.17), middle (AOR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.10), and richer (AOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.04–1.12) households had higher chance of having diarrhea compared to their counterparts. Conclusion This study found that the prevalence of childhood diarrhea morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa was high. Maternal age, wealth index, maternal education, maternal occupation, age of child, time of initiation of breast feeding and time to get water source were significantly associated with diarrhea. Therefore, intervention through health education and health promotion for mothers/caretakers who are poor, less educated, and young should be designed to prevent diarrhea in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Diarrhea and associated factors among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys of 34 sub-Saharan countries

et al. 2021

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“…The sanitation indices in Nigeria contributed to the poor human development index, typified by the high infant mortality rate (72.7 per 1000 live births) and under five mortality rate (157 per 1000 live births) [ 6 ]. The above statistics predisposes young children, who tend to defecate in areas where other susceptible children are exposed while learning to walk or playing in their premises, with frequent hands to mouth contacts, thus increasing the prevalence of faeces related diseases in such places and the risk of environmental enteropathy [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The management of the faeces passed by under five children: an exploratory, cross-sectional research in an urban community in Southwest Nigeria

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSafe management of faeces (SMoF) and environmental contamination by faecal pathogens have been extensively researched although the SMoF in under-five children has been perennially neglected perhaps due to the misconception that it is harmless. This research, therefore, studied the situation, to determine the magnitude and dimensions of the problem aimed at making policy level stakeholders aware of child faeces management systems and so, inform evidence-based implementation of child and health-related programmes in Nigeria.MethodsThe study utilized an exploratory cross-sectional design and a multi-stage sampling technique to identify 300 respondents from 12 randomly selected streets from 4 wards in Ife central local government area. The study collected data with a pretested questionnaire which included direct observations of child defecation practices and existing toilet facilities. Cleaned data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS version 20 with child faeces management outcomes as the dependent variable.ResultsThe mean age of respondents’ and monthly income (mode) were 30.8 ± 7.5 years and ₦10,000.00 ($28.60). Most respondents were mothers to the under five children (84.7%), had a secondary education (72.0%) and were semi-skilled (57.0%). The caregivers had access to improved water sources (93.7%), improved toilets (64.3%), with 64% and 53.7% having above average scores in knowledge and attitudes, respectively. In the study, 19.7% and 69.0% of caregivers practiced safe disposal of faeces passed by the under five child during the day and at night respectively, though most caregivers (94.3%) omitted steps in the safe management of child faeces chain. The under five diarrhoea prevalence rate was 13.7% and unsanitary passage of child faeces is associated with four folds likelihood of having diarrhoea (p = 0.001). The caregivers whose under five children practiced safe sanitation were rich (p = 0.009) and knowledge was significantly associated with ownership of household toilet (P = 0.037), night faeces management chain practice (P < 0.001) and disposal of anal cleaning materials (P = 0.002). Handwashing was significantly associated with household toilet (P < 0.001), wealth (P < 0.001), under five child defecation preferences during the day (P < 0.001) and at night (P = 0.008).ConclusionThe high knowledge and positive attitudes exhibited by the caregivers were at variance with practice. Where under five children defecate during the day were influenced by the disposal of their anal cleaning materials, distance to the toilet and caregivers’ education. The findings highlight the dangers of unsanitary disposal of child faeces and the need to strengthen the related policies that can increase caregivers awareness and practice at all levels and in all livelihood domains.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4078-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Child age [ 5 ] and sex [ 20 ], mother’s age and education [ 4 ], mothers occupation [ 5 ], father’s education [ 21 ], number of under-five children [ 22 ], quality of the main floor material [ 5 ], drinking water source [ 23 ], maternal diarrhea [ 6 ], storing water in containers without lids [ 20 ], use of dippers to draw water from water storage containers [ 9 ], availability of a latrine [ 23 ], method of under-five child stool disposal [ 23 ], improper refuse disposal [ 24 ], availability of handwashing (handwashing is defined as the act of cleaning one’s hands to remove soil, grease, microorganisms, or other unwanted substances) facility [ 14 ], handwashing before preparing food and before eating food [ 8 ], before feeding a child [ 13 ], handwashing after eating and after contact with child feces [ 13 ], visible feces in the compound [ 7 ], and visible feces on the latrine slab [ 7 ] were the independent variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day [3]. Several studies identified the following risk factors for under-five diarrhea: mother's/guardian's age, education, and occupation [4,5]. Similar studies detected predisposing factors such as maternal history of recent diarrhea, lack of latrines, age of the child [6], and absence of refuse disposal facilities [7] in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrheal morbidity and predisposing factors among children under 5 years of age in rural East Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Background: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of preventable death among children under-five in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). In Ethiopia, diarrhea is the major contributor to deaths for children under the age of 5 years. In order to develop prevention strategies for the alleviation of childhood diarrhea, it is necessary to identify the important predisposing factors. These predisposing factors have been observed to vary by location across Eastern Ethiopia. Moreover, the evidence on prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in Dire Dawa and its suburbs is very limited and those available have been erratic. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 years in rural Dire Dawa, East Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Dire Dawa City Administration in May 2018. Multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit 1180 under-five children from the rural population of Dire Dawa City Administration. Data on socio-demographic, environmental, and child-and hygiene-related factors were collected by trained data collectors using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for childhood diarrhea. Results: The 2-week prevalence of diarrhea among the under-five children was 23% (95% CI 20.8-25.7%). Maternal diarrhea (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.10-4.47), handwashing after contact with child feces (AOR = 6.27, 95% CI 2.01-19.55), use of a dipper to draw water from containers (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.41-5.89), and presence of a refuse disposal facility (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.09-5.60) were the significant predisposing factors of diarrhea. Conclusion: Our study identified a high burden of childhood diarrheal disease in rural Dire Dawa City Administration in Eastern Ethiopia. The identified risk factors were maternal diarrhea, handwashing after contact with child feces, use of a dipper to draw water from containers, and presence of refuse disposal facility. To minimize the risk of diarrhea, health education programs focusing on good hygiene practice and sanitation as well as early treatment are recommended.

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Risk Factors Associated with Diarrhea Morbidity Among Children Younger than Five Years in the Atwima Nwabiagya District, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Diarrhea and associated factors among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys of 34 sub-Saharan countries

Diarrhea and associated factors among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys of 34 sub-Saharan countries

The management of the faeces passed by under five children: an exploratory, cross-sectional research in an urban community in Southwest Nigeria

Diarrheal morbidity and predisposing factors among children under 5 years of age in rural East Ethiopia

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