Risk Factors Associated With Leishmaniasis

Oryan, Ahmad; Alidadi, S; Akbari, Maryam

doi:10.4172/2329-9088.1000e118

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is endemic in 98 countries with greater than 350 million people at risk: an estimated 700 000-1.2 million new cases, 600 000 to 1 million added new cases annually of cutaneous, 50 000 to 90 000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis, and about 20,000 to 40,000 deaths from the disease each year [ 10 – 14 ]. Over 90% of the annual incidences of VL occur in six countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Brazil [ 10 , 14 – 19 ]. Eastern Africa is the second largest VL focus after the Indian subcontinent, which contributes to the global burden with 30,000-40,000 new cases per year [ 10 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and Trends of Leishmaniasis and Its Risk Factors in Humera, Western Tigray

Tedla

Bariagabr

Abreha

2018

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Introduction Leishmaniasis is a neglected vector borne disease, which constitutes a major public health concern in several tropical and subtropical countries. An estimated 4500 to 4000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occur per year and over 3.2 million people are at risk of infection in the country. In Humera, VL epidemics are associated with migration of workers from nonendemic highlands into the visceral leishmaniasis endemic extensive farmlands. Therefore, the objective of this study is to estimate the incidence and the risk factors of leishmaniasis in Humera, Western Tigray. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using the hospital admission database on all patients admitted who have been suspected of having leishmaniasis infection and tested for rK39-based immune chromatographic test (ICT) at Kahsay Abera Hospital in Humera town from January 2012 to December 2017. Potential risk factors for leishmaniasis infection in human were collected from the hospital, which included categorical variables: age, sex, origin of place, clinical forms of leishmaniasis, mortality rates, and the occurrence of infections according to format of hospital. Results A total of 26511 hospital discharged patients with diagnosis of leishmaniasis were identified, out of which 2232 (8.42%) human leishmaniasis cases were registered and of them 71 were dead from January 2012 to December 2017. Mortality rates of leishmaniasis were 18 (3.3%) in 2012, 16 (3.1%) in 2013, 15 (2.4%) in 2014, 8 (3.3%) in 2015, 9 (4.1%) in 2016, and 5 (5.4%) in 2017. Univariate analysis of the infection rate of leishmaniasis was based on the potential risk factors and found higher male infection rates than female (P <0.05) in all the study years. Origin of place was also significantly associated (P< 0.05) where labor migrants from highland to agricultural fields had higher infection rates than those who permanently lived in and around Humera. Trends in season of occurrence revealed that weeding and harvesting time (July–December) had higher incidence of leishmaniasis than dry time (January–June). Conclusion Male labor migrants from the highlands older than 15 years of age were at the highest risks of leishmaniasis during weeding and harvest season. Therefore, awareness creation on the risks of sleeping outdoors and the impact of using of bed nets is imperative especially for labor migrants during weeding and harvesting season.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 90% of the annual incidences of VL occur in six countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Brazil [ 10 , 14 – 19 ]. Eastern Africa is the second largest VL focus after the Indian subcontinent, which contributes to the global burden with 30,000-40,000 new cases per year [ 10 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Trends of Leishmaniasis and Its Risk Factors in Humera, Western Tigray

Tedla

Bariagabr

Abreha

2018

Journal of Parasitology Research

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“…The two most prevalent feline GI parasites, that cause serious public health problems and zoonotic diseases, are Toxocara cati and Toxoplasma gondii [2,3]. Stray cats are also potential reservoirs for Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis, in the endemic areas of Iran [4,5]. Additionally, Dipylidium caninum is another zoonotic parasitic disease that affects primarily wild and domestic dogs and cats, with a few cases occurring in young children [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites of Stray Cats in Iran: A Parasitological and Histopathological Study

Ahmadi,

Oryan,

Alidadi

2024

Acta Parasit.

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Many zoonotic parasitic diseases, including Toxocara cati may be spread by stray cat populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasites by performing parasitological and histopathological examinations on stray cats in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 106 stray cats from different geographical areas of Shiraz, southern Iran, were analyzed for parasites. The overall prevalence was found to be 83.02% (88 of 106), and eight parasite species were found, including three species of cestodes, including Joyeuxiella spp. (52.83%), Taenia taeniaeformis (21.70%), Dipylidium caninum (1.89%)], three nematode species inclusive of Physaloptera spp. (23.59%), Toxocara cati (15.09%), Rictularia spp. (1.89%)], one protozoan species, Isospora spp. (6.60%), and one arthropod species, Ctenocephalides felis (5.66%). The prevalence did not signi cantly differ between males and females. It did appear, nevertheless, that the age of cats may be regarded as a risk factor for these parasitic infections. The results of the present study showed that parasitic infections and, more importantly, T. cati are relatively prevalent in stray cats, and the people living in this area are seriously at risk of this zoonotic disease. The cats of this region need to be monitored, and speci c preventive measures should be developed by public health o cials.

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