Risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis in selected districts of Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia

Sikasunge, Chummy; Phiri, Isaac K.; Phiri, Andrew M.; Dorny, Pierre; Siziya, Seter; Willingham, A. L.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.07.023

Cited by 101 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The management system of the pigs and the destination of human faeces were found to be crucial in the variation of seropositivity, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Also, regard to sewage disposal, the difference between cesspit and environmental variables was significant (p=0.01) and supports the premise that the endemicity of cysticercosis is associated with the lack of adequate sanitary infrastructure (Sikasunge et al 2007). These facts supports the idea that changes in the sanitation system can prevent new infections and allow control of the CT complex.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Prevalence and risk factors for porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT.-Acevedo-Nieto E.C., Pinto P.S.A., Silva L.F., Guimarães-Peixoto R.P.M., Santos T.O., Ducas C.T.S. & Bevilacqua P.D. 2017. Prevalence and risk factors for porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(9):905-910. Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs s/n. Viçosa, Cysticercosis is caused by Taenia solium, a parasitic zoonosis that affects human and pigs raised free-range in developing countries. The epidemiology of the taeniosis cysticercosis complex in Brazil is poorly understood especially when it comes to field research. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis in rural communities located in the east of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. From 371 farms in the county of Tumiritinga/MG, 101 farms from 14 communities were randomly sampled. Blood samples from pigs were collected, and epidemiological questionnaires were carried out. The serum samples obtained were analyzed through immunodiagnosis techniques, including ELISA and Western Blot, both for the detection of antibodies. The data obtained by different surveys were analyzed using EpiInfo 3.5.1 software to determine seroprevalence and risk factors associated with cysticercosis. The prevalence of farms with porcine cysticercosis was 9.9% (10/101) and antibody-based seropositive was 5.3% (13/247). The results indicate that cysticercosis occurs in high level in the rural area never studied before. These results suggest the presence of tapeworm carriers contributing to the occurrence and maintenance of this zoonotic life cycle in the county. Regarding risk factors, the most significant determinants for porcine cysticercosis in the field were free-range pig management (OR: 17.4, p: 0.0001), the method of disposal of human faeces in the environmental (OR: 7.6; p 0.012), and the size of the farm. Porcine cysticercosis was diagnosed only in areas represented by Agrarian Reform Settlements. From the results, it is possible to recommend as a means of control and prevention the destination of human faeces in appropriate sanitary landfills and the production of pigs in an enclosed area. Additionally, improving education in the communities sampled will indirectly affect the spreading of this disease. The results draw attention to the largest studies of this zoonotic disease in human settlements from rural areas due to the lack of knowledge about the epidemiology of the taeniosis-cysticercosis complex. The results could serve as the basis to support public policies aimed at creating an effective program to control the taeniosis-cysticercosis complex in the studied area. Awareness of TC among medical doctors, veterinarians, meat animal family producers and the public should be developed through appropriate information and education.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Prevalence and risk factors for porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…1,3 The occurrence of T. solium has been associated in multiple studies with poverty, poor sanitation caused by absence of latrines, freerange pig management, backyard slaughter of pigs, and inadequate or total lack of meat inspection. [4][5][6] The consumption of uninspected and undercooked infected meat is the major source of human taeniasis with carriers consequently becoming a major risk factor for cysticercosis to themselves and others in the household or community. Ingestion of infective eggs either by autoinfection, direct contact with a tapeworm carrier, or indirectly by ingestion of contaminated food, water, or hands leads to cysticercosis in humans resulting in larval tapeworm cysts developing in the muscles, eye, and central nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study and Ranking of Determinants of Taenia solium Infections by Classification Tree Models

Mwape

Phiri

Praet

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is an important public health problem occurring mainly in developing countries. This work aimed to study the determinants of human T. solium infections in the Eastern province of Zambia and rank them in order of importance. A household (HH)-level questionnaire was administered to 680 HHs from 53 villages in two rural districts and the taeniasis and cysticercosis status determined. A classification tree model (CART) was used to define the relative importance and interactions between different predictor variables in their effect on taeniasis and cysticercosis. The Katete study area had a significantly higher taeniasis and cysticercosis prevalence than the Petauke area. The CART analysis for Katete showed that the most important determinant for cysticercosis infections was the number of HH inhabitants (6 to 10) and for taeniasis was the number of HH inhabitants 6. The most important determinant in Petauke for cysticercosis was the age of head of household 32 years and for taeniasis it was age 55 years. The CART analysis showed that the most important determinant for both taeniasis and cysticercosis infections was the number of HH inhabitants (6 to 10) in Katete district and age in Petauke. The results suggest that control measures should target HHs with a high number of inhabitants and older individuals.

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“…The scientific literature points out free-range husbandry systems, absence of toilet in the farm, access to contaminated water and the animal slaughter without sanitary inspection as the main risk factors related to swine cyticercosis (Pinto 2000, Sikasunge et al 2007, Morales et al 2008. The presence of these factors in the farms of this study could justify the high prevalence (28.87%) at farm level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The main risks factors associated with swine cysticercosis are free-range husbandry system, absence of bathrooms in the rearing farms, contaminated water ingestion (Sikasunge et al 2007, Morales et al 2008) and slaughter without sanitary inspection (Pinto 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in a region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2016

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Taenia solium is a zoonotic tapeworm of great importance in developing countries, due to the occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Pigs have an important role in the biological cycle of the parasite as intermediate hosts. The scientific literature has been describing risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease that must be avoided in countries with poor sanitation, in order to reduce the exposure of swine to the parasite eggs. This research focused on testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in the region of Jaboticabal municipality, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The found prevalence was 6.82% (CI 95% 4.18 - 9.45) at animal level and 28.87% (CI 95% 16.74 - 40.40) at herd level. These figures are probably associated with low technification adoption during animal rearing in the studied area, which increased the exposure of the animals to risk factors associated with the occurrence of Taenia solium complex. The results found based on serological evidences of swine cysticercosis in the studied region serves as a warning to public sanitary authorities to improve public health and control T. solium.

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Risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis in selected districts of Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia

Cited by 101 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Prevalence and risk factors for porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Study and Ranking of Determinants of Taenia solium Infections by Classification Tree Models

Testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in a region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

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