Risk Factors Associated With Progression to Surgical Release After Injection of Trigger Digits

Abstract

Introduction: The mainstay of trigger finger treatment is a corticosteroid injection of the affected digits and is associated with a very high success rate. However, some patients do not respond to nonsurgical management and undergo subsequent surgical release. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comorbidities that predispose patients to progressing from injection to surgical release. Methods: Patient data were obtained from a national insurance database. All patients aged 20 years or older who underwent trigger digit injection were included. Any injection that did not specify the digit was excluded. Subsequent procedures, including repeat injection and surgical release, were identified using relevant Current Procedural Terminology codes. A multivariate model was constructed to evaluate potential risk factors for requiring release after prior injection of the same digit. Stepwise backward selection was used to retain significant variables. Results: A total of 42,537 trigger digits were identified in 31,830 patients, most of whom were female. The right hand was affected more commonly than the left. The middle and ring fingers were the most commonly affected digits. Over 80% of all trigger digits underwent only a single injection, and approximately 90% of injected digits did not require subsequent release. In the multivariate model, factors associated with higher risk of release were male sex, involvement of additional digits, multiple injections of the same digit, chronic pulmonary disease, HIV/AIDS, obesity, alcohol abuse, and depression. The model also found small fingers to be less likely to progress to release. Discussion: Patients with the risk factors identified in this study are more likely to progress to surgical release after trigger finger injection. Although prospective studies are required, the information may be beneficial in counseling patients and their treatment options.

Failure rates and analysis of risk factors for percutaneous A1 pulley release of trigger digits

“…Another cadaveric study (Hevesi et al., 2022) reported that the A1 and A2 pulley confluence was most commonly observed in the middle finger, which could also be a cause of failure of percutaneous release. The middle finger is also one of the risk factors for progression to surgical release after steroid injection (Kang et al., 2021). For this reason, it is thought that percutaneous release was performed most frequently in the middle finger in our series.…”

Factors associated with self-reported pain and hand function following surgical A1 pulley release

“…(1990) demonstrated that 49% of patients experienced resolution or notable improvement of symptoms following one injection, whereas the success incidence decreased to 23% after two injections and 5% after three injections. In addition, Kang et al. (2021) found that patients requiring multiple steroid injections are more likely to undergo surgical release.…”

The woman's hand

“…It is one of the most frequent affections in our specialty. It is more frequent in women after the fourth decade of life 7 , and the most affected fingers are the thumb, middle, and ring fingers.…”