Risk Factors Associated With School Bullying Behaviors: A Chinese Adolescents Case-Control Study, 2019

Abstract

This research aimed to identify risk factors including individual characteristics and environment circumstances related to different types of school bullying (physical, relational, verbal, sexual, and possession bullying) among middle school students in China. Cases were the respondents reporting perpetrating bullying behaviors three or more times in the past year. One control was selected for each case from those participants who were not involved in school bullying in the past 12 months. Data were collected between April 2019 and May 2019 in China. After considering potential confounding variables including gender, grade level, and school, multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was performed based on the univariate logistic analysis including 1,594 adolescents. According to conditional logistic regression analysis, alcohol use and lack of emotional management and control were the significant individual characteristics positively associated with involvement in school bullying. Alcohol use was related to all five types of school bullying perpetration. Poor relationships between family members, father’s alcohol use, and parental neglect were strong risk factors for relational bullying. Lack of a sense of safety and absence of trusted people were associated with physical, relational, and verbal bullying perpetration. Results of this study provide evidence about risk factors for school bullying and have implications for potential policies to reduce bullying. Effective policies and programs need to take individual characteristics (social-emotional skills, anger control), family (parent training in conflict resolution, appropriate disciplining), peer and school factors (promoting prosocial networks, zero tolerance for bullying, appropriate disciplining policies against students who bully others, teacher training on building positive teacher–student relationships and positive discipling techniques) into consideration in order to develop effective prevention programs.

The relationship between fear of negative evaluation, family function, and adolescents’ aggression: the mediating role of mobile phone addiction and rumination

“…Aggression is a signi cant public health problem among adolescents, which hurts their physical and mental health. We found that the family APGAR index was negatively associated with aggressive behaviour which are consistent with previous study [29] .…”

Peer Bullying and Motivational Interviewing In Adolescents

“…The power imbalance perceived or actually existing by *Corresponding author: Sultan Ayaz Alkaya, e-mail address: sultan@gazi.edu.tr 3 individuals is one of the most important causes of bullying (Olweus, 2012;Maïano, Aime, Salvas, Morin, & Normand, 2016;Smith, 2016). Age, gender, family and friend relationships are commonly identified as risk factors for peer bullying (Ayaz-Alkaya & Avşar, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019;Qian et al, 2022). Accordingly, it has been reported that boys are more involved in bullying than girls (Ayaz-Alkaya & Avşar, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019) and adolescents with poor family and friend relationships (Ayaz-Alkaya & Avşar, 2017;Qian et al, 2022).…”

Latent Profile Analysis of Children’s Moral Character and the Classing Effect on Bullying in Rural China

“…Recently, bullying among school-aged children in China has become a severe problem [ 15 ]. The prevalence of self-reported school bullying in mainland China ranged from 2 percent to 34 percent [ 17 ]. It is important to examine school bullying in China.…”

“…Parental absence was more likely to increase the risk of child victimization and accidental injury [ 26 ]. On the other hand, LBC may lack empathy and become indifferent due to a lack of parental supervision and support [ 17 ]. However, Wen et al [ 27 ] found that parental migration might be not a risk factor for youth development in terms of at least character.…”