Risk Factors Associated with Unsafe Injection Practices at the First Injection Episode among Intravenous Drug Users in France: Results from PrimInject, an Internet Survey

Guichard, Anne; Guignard, Romain; Roy, Élise

doi:10.1155/2015/507214

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Taken together, these findings are consistent with qualitative studies identifying varied and complex influences of intimate partnerships on the provision and receipt of assistance (71). Other contextual factors associated with receiving assistance, such as sharing syringes and equipment (38,40,(42)(43)(44), may importantly increase risk for bloodborne virus transmission.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Among microsocial correlates of receiving assistance, being female (vs. male) (33,(37)(38)(39)(40), initiating injection at a younger age (41), ever having had a sexual partner who injected drugs (42), sharing syringes or other injecting equipment (38,40,(42)(43)(44), and reporting that the idea to start injecting drugs came from the person initiating injection (i.e., was the individual's own idea) (45) were all positively associated with receiving assistance with the first injection. To further examine the association with sex/gender, Zahnow et al (46) assessed whether the association of sex/gender with receiving assistance from specific types of individuals (e.g., an intimate partner, dealer, or friend vs. self-initiating) differed on the basis of a person's sexual orientation.…”

Section: Correlates Of Receiving Iiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use

Gicquelais¹,

Werb²,

Marks³

et al. 2020

Epidemiologic Reviews

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Preventing the transition to injection drug use is an important public health goal as people who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for overdose and infectious disease acquisition. Initiation into injection is primarily a social process, often involving PWID assistance. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this phenomenon would inform interventions to prevent injection initiation and enhance safety when assistance is provided. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to a) characterize the prevalence of receiving (among injection-naïve persons) and of providing (among PWID) help or guidance with the first injection and to b) identify correlates associated with these behaviors. Correlates were organized as drug use behaviors, health outcomes (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus infection), or factors describing an individual’s social, economic, policy, or physical environments defined by Rhodes’ Risk Environments framework. After screening 1,164 abstracts, 57 studies were included. The prevalence of receiving injection initiation assistance (help or guidance at the first injection) ranged 74%-100% (n=13 estimates). The prevalence of ever providing injection initiation assistance varied widely (range: 13%-69%, n=13 estimates). Injecting norms, gender, and other correlates classified within Rhodes’ Social Risk Environment were commonly associated with providing and receiving assistance. Nearly all PWID receive guidance about injecting for the first time, whereas fewer PWID report providing assistance. Substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analysis, and thus local-level estimates may be necessary to guide the implementation of future psychosocial and socio-structural interventions. Further, estimates of providing assistance may be downwardly biased due to social desirability.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Correlates Of Receiving Iiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use

Gicquelais¹,

Werb²,

Marks³

et al. 2020

Epidemiologic Reviews

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“…Women are more likely to have a sexual partner facilitate their initiation of injection drug use by guiding or administering their first injection [ 33 – 36 ]. Further, individuals who are injected by someone else at initiation are more likely to report receptive syringe and other equipment sharing at initiation and within the past 6 months [ 37 , 38 ]. Sexual relationships have also been associated with increased sharing of drug use paraphernalia [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with phylogenetic clustering of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Baltimore

et al. 2020

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Background The availability of effective, oral direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment has put elimination of HCV as a public health challenge within reach. However, little is known about the characteristics of transmission networks of people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods Sequencing of a segment of the HCV genome was performed on samples collected from a community-based cohort of PWID between August 2005 and December 2016. Phylogenetic trees were inferred, and clusters were identified (70% bootstrap threshold; 0.04 maximum genetic distance threshold). We describe sex, race, age difference, and HIV infection status of potential transmission partners. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with being in an HCV cluster. Results Of 508 HCV genotype 1 viremic PWID, 8% (n = 41) were grouped into 20 clusters, consisting of 19 pairs and 1 triad. In adjusted analyses, female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–4.5]) and HIV infection (OR 5.7 [CI 2.7–11.9]) remained independently associated with being in an HCV infection cluster. Conclusions Molecular epidemiological analysis reveals that, in this cohort of PWID in Baltimore, HIV infection and female sex were associated with HCV clustering. Combination HCV prevention interventions targeting HIV infected PWID and addressing HCV infection prevention needs of women have potential to advance HCV elimination efforts.

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“…Quantitative examinations have shown that the first injection drug use for most people requires the assistance of an established PWID (Crofts, Louie, Rosenthal, & Jolley, 1996;Doherty, Garfein, Monterroso, Latkin, & Vlahov, 2000). Quantitative reports of receiving assistance at first injection range from 53% to 90% e ( (; Guichard et al, 2015;Vidal-Trecan, Varescon-Pousson, & Boissonnas, 2002). The consistent role of PWID in assisting injection initiation has led researchers and harm reduction organizations to focus on them as a means of preventing assisted injection initiation (Dan Werb et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Frequency of Recent Initiation of Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA, USA, 2016–17

Navarro

Kral

Strike

et al. 2019

Substance Use & Misuse

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Objective: Drug injection initiation is often assisted by a person who injects drugs (PWID). How often PWID provide this assistance has not been examined. We examine frequency of injection initiation assistance and factors associated with high (4+) and low frequency (1 to 3) initiation assistance as compared to no initiation assistance among PWID. Methods: Participants were 979 Californian PWID. PWID were interviewed about providing injection initiation assistance in the last 6 months among other items. Multinomial regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with levels of frequency of injection initiation assistance. Results: Among participants, 132 (14%) had initiated 784 people into injection (mean=5.94 [standard deviation=20.13]; median=2, interquartile range=1,4) in the last 6 months. PWID engaged in high frequency initiation (26% of sample) assisted 662 new initiates (84% of total). Using multinomial regression analysis with no initiating as the referent group, we found that high frequency initiating was statistically associated with higher injection frequency, having a paying sex partner, taking someone to a shooting gallery, and providing injection assistance. Lower frequency initiation was statistically associated with having a paying sex partner, illegal income source, and providing injection assistance. Conclusion: Differences between high and low frequency initiators were not found. Sex work and assisting with drug injection were linked to initiating others. Individual-level interventions that

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Risk Factors Associated with Unsafe Injection Practices at the First Injection Episode among Intravenous Drug Users in France: Results from PrimInject, an Internet Survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use

Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use

Factors associated with phylogenetic clustering of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Baltimore

Factors Associated with Frequency of Recent Initiation of Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA, USA, 2016–17

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