Risk factors, criteria and biomarkers of acute kidney injury in the perioperative period

Abstract

It is becoming increasingly important to prevent complications of surgical treatment, including perioperative acute kidney injury due to prolongation of life expectancy and age-related multicomorbidity. The objective was to review the recommendations of the expert groups and the studу results on risk factors, criteria and biomarkers of perioperative acute kidney injury.Materials and methods. Reports on search results for the last 15 years as of May 15, 2023 in the eLibrary, PubMed databases for the keywords «acute kidney injury», «biomarker», «perioperative period». The inclusion of reports in the review and their evaluation are based on the authors consensus. Results. In the perioperative period, acute kidney injury without a decrease in diuresis and/or an increase in serum creatinine levels up to a certain time may occur. This condition, which varies in causes and mechanisms of development, is potentially reversible with timely detection and treatment. The study of both biomarkers that surpass creatinine and diuresis in the timing and accuracy of detecting kidney damage/dysfunction, as well as tools for a comprehensive assessment and risk stratification of perioperative acute kidney injury, have not yet been completed with evidence-based conclusions. Conclusion. The strategy of using laboratory biomarkers in combination with the clinical context and risk factors for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of subclinical acute kidney injury of various origins, supported by the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (2020), could be implemented based on additional evidence from future clinical studies.