Risk factors for acquiring Strongyloides stercoralis infection among patients attending a tertiary hospital in south India

Chordia, Poorvi; Christopher, Solomon; Abraham, O C; Muliyil, JP; Kang, Gagandeep; Ajjampur, Sitara S. R.

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.81797

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our case report is the eighth reported case of IRIS to S. stercoralis worldwide and the first from India. Advanced HIV has not been linked with disseminated strongyloidiasis despite a 21-fold increased risk of intestinal infection in endemic areas [ 3 ]. Few previous reports from India have shown that the prevalence of S. stercoralis in HIV-infected patients ranged from 0% to 27.3% [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced HIV has not been linked with disseminated strongyloidiasis despite a 21-fold increased risk of intestinal infection in endemic areas [ 3 ]. Few previous reports from India have shown that the prevalence of S. stercoralis in HIV-infected patients ranged from 0% to 27.3% [ 3 ]. However, cases of SHS have been rarely described in HIV-infected patients in India [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. stercoralis remains a neglected tropical disease, and its association with HIV coinfection is sparsely studied in resource-limited settings such as India. It is reflected by the paucity of the published literature on HIV/ S. stercoralis coinfection [ 3 – 5 ]. Since 2005, there have been reports of seven patients presenting with SHS after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation [ 6 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strongyloidosis Hyperinfection Syndrome in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Rare Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Natrajan¹,

Medisetty²,

Gawali³

et al. 2018

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

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Parasitic infections such as Strongyloides stercoralis and HIV have been reported to coexist, particularly in resource-limited settings such as India. In an immunocompromised host, S. stercoralis can progress to strongyloidiasis hyperinfection syndrome (SHS). However, SHS is not common in patients with advanced HIV disease. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) developing after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can target multiple pathogens including S. stercoralis. The authors present here a 46-year-old HIV-infected female who was recently diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, started ART, and developed SHS. Her upper GI endoscopy revealed severe gastroduodenitis, and X-ray chest showed extensive bilateral pneumonitis. We could identify S. stercoralis in induced sputum and duodenal biopsy. We could also identify gut inflammation to restrict invading parasites. After receiving antihelminthic therapy, she showed improvement, a course of events that fit the diagnosis of unmasking S. stercoralis IRIS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strongyloidosis Hyperinfection Syndrome in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Rare Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Natrajan¹,

Medisetty²,

Gawali³

et al. 2018

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

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“…A positive association between S. stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported in Brazil (4) but a study performed in India suggested a negative relationship between these conditions (5). A study conducted by Hays et al, provides some evidence that chronic infection with S. stercoralis may protect against the development of T2DM in humans (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Strongyloides sp. Infection in Diabetic Patients in the Central Part of Mazandaran, Northern Iran

Kalantari

Darbandi

Bayani

et al. 2019

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil transmitted helminth, is well known as a potentially fatal parasite in immunosuppressed patients. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of strongyloidiasis in diabetic patients, in the central parts of Mazandaran province, Iran, using coprological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods: Fresh stool and serum samples were obtained from diabetic patients. The stool samples were examined using direct smear and formalin-ether concentration methods. The serum samples were tested for the existence of Strongyloides sp. antibodies using a commercial diagnostic kit (Strongyloides -ELISA). Results: The overall prevalence rates were 13.3% (4/30) and 25.6% (46/180) using parasitological and ELISA methods, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA compared with stool examination were 100% and 84.6%, respectively. The seroprevalence rate of this infection was higher in females (27.3%) than males (19.5%), and among participants living in rural regions (31%) compared with urban areas (20%). The prevalence rate of Strongyloides sp. infection was higher in patients with diabetic foot (39.1%) compared with cases with non-diabetic foot (23.6%). It also was higher in insulin dependent patients (29.9%) compared with non-insulin dependent subjects (23%). However, these differences were not statistically significant which may have resulted from the small sample size. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a high seroprevalence of Strongyloides sp. infection in diabetic patients. Furthermore, this is the first seroprevalence study of strongyloidiasis in diabetic patients from Iran. It seems that the ELISA technique can be used for the diagnosis of individual cases and is a good screening assay to rule out strongyloidiasis in diabetic patients.

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“…HIV infection was most commonly associated with strongyloidiasis in our study, which was in concordance with another study from our country. [3] Increasing number of cases with strongyloidiasis reported in transplant settings has encouraged recommendations for a pretransplant screening. [4] The mean number of larvae detected from the samples of immunosuppressed versus immunocompetent patients was 21.7/cover slip area and 2.9/cover slip area, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis infection: A case series from a tertiary care center in India

Gupta

Choudhary

Mirdha

et al. 2017

J Global Infect Dis

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Risk factors for acquiring Strongyloides stercoralis infection among patients attending a tertiary hospital in south India

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Strongyloidosis Hyperinfection Syndrome in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Rare Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Strongyloidosis Hyperinfection Syndrome in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Rare Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Strongyloides sp. Infection in Diabetic Patients in the Central Part of Mazandaran, Northern Iran

Strongyloides stercoralis infection: A case series from a tertiary care center in India

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