Risk Factors for, and Prediction of, Shoulder Pain in Young Badminton Players: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: Shoulder pain (SP) caused by hitting the shuttlecock is common in young badminton players. The objectives of the present study were to predict the risk factors for SP in young badminton players, and to determine the optimal risk factor cut-off that best discriminates those players who are at higher risk of suffering from SP. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 45 under-17 badminton players who participated in the Spanish Championship. Data were collected on anthropometric age, sports history, sagittal spinal curves, range of motion (ROM) and maximum isometric strength of shoulder. After 12 months, players completed a SP history questionnaire. Bayesian Student’s t-analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis were performed. Results: Overall, 18 (47.4%) players reported at least one episode of SP. The shoulder internal rotation (SIR) ROM showed the strongest association (OR = 1.122; p = 0.035) with SP. The SIR ROM has an excellent ability to discriminate players at increased risk for SP (p = 0.001). The optimal cut-off for SIR ROM, which predicts players with an 81% probability of developing SP, was set at 55° (sensitivity = 75.0%, specificity = 83.3%). Conclusions: The young badminton players who had a shoulder internal rotation ROM of 55° or less have a higher risk of SP one year later.

Characteristics of Injuries Among Elite Badminton Players: A Systematic Review

“…A limited range of motion of shoulder internal rotation was signi cantly associated with upper extremity injury among badminton players, as indicated in two studies (15,17). In addition, a study stated that injury mainly occurs in the rst third of the badminton competition (21).…”

“…The sociodemographic information of the eleven selected articles was summarised in Table 2. Most of the chosen articles reported participants younger than 20 (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Four articles reported participants aged 20 years and above (20)(21)(22)(23), and one article generally reported participants aged 15 years and above (24).…”

“…Two studies reported more than 100 participants (14,24), ve studies with more than 30 participants (16-20), and four with fewer than 30 participants (15,(21)(22)(23). Most of the selected articles were conducted in Asia (16, 18-20, 23, 24), half of which were conducted Southeast Asia (16,18,19,24), and the remaining half were conducted in Western countries (14,15,17,21,22).…”

“…Four studies reported a general incidence of injuries (14,18,19,24), and three studies (15,17,22) reported speci c locations of anatomical areas of injuries among badminton players. However, neither general nor prevalence was reported in the four studies.…”

“…However, neither general nor prevalence was reported in the four studies. The average prevalence of injuries encompasses more than 40% (14,15,(17)(18)(19)22), and only one study reported less than 20% (24).…”