Risk factors for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in Japan and compared to a <scp>U.S.</scp> sample

Pike, Kathleen M.; So, Mirai; Hilbert, Anja; Maekawa, Hiroko; Shimanouchi, Tomoko; Wilfley, Denise E.; Dohm, Faith Anne; Fairburn, Christopher G.; Weissman, Ruth Striegel

doi:10.1002/eat.23442

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…As far as the presence of other disorders in family members is concerned, our review established that a familiar history of almost any psychiatric disorder Pike et al, 2021), including depression (Lyon et al, 1997), affective disorders (Steinhausen et al, 2015), alcohol and drug abuse (Lyon et al, 1997) plays a role in the development of AN. Nevertheless, having a sibling with AN increases the risk of developing AN (Machado et al, 2014;Steinhausen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Case Controlmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Perfectionism (Hilbert et al, 2014;Pike et al, 2008Pike et al, , 2021 is widely recognized as a familiar risk factor across many studies, and it can be assimilated to higher parental demands (Pike et al, 2008). It surely contributes to creating a tense family environment in which the development of oneself is more difficult, therefore inhibiting progressive differentiation of self from other (Charles, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the opposite may happen as well: there is an increased risk for relatives of patients with AN and BN to develop subclinical forms of ED, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety disorders (Lilenfeld et al, 1998). What is curious to note is that, on the one hand, having a sibling with AN predisposes to the development of AN (Felker & Stivers, 1994;Machado et al, adolescence, and the level of affective expression of the family seems to be relate to ED risk during adolescence (Felker & Stivers, 1994), but our review has highlighted that all those features of what could be described as a "toxic" (Mangweth et al, 2005) • dysfunctional interaction during feeding (in IA) (Ammaniti et al, 2010) • attachment insecurity (Chatoor et al, 2000) • dependence (Chatoor et al, 2000;Lyon et al, 1997) • maternal diet (Haynos et al, 2016) Table 3 Main intrafamilial risk factors for AN Intrafamilial risk factors for AN • Increased food intake in the family (Hilbert et al, 2014) • Perfectionism (Hilbert et al, 2014;Pike et al, 2008Pike et al, , 2021 • Higher parental demands (Pike et al, 2008) • Emotional reactivity (Lyke & Matsen, 2013) • Family taboos regarding nudity and sexuality (Mangweth et al, 2005) • Low familial involvement (Haynos et al, 2016) • Negative affectivity (Pike et al, 2008(Pike et al, , 2021 • Family discord (Pike et al, 2008) • Negative family history for ED (as a predictor of poor outcome) (Ackard et al, 2014) • Family history of depression (Lyon et al, 1997) • Positive family history for psychiatric disorders Pike et al, 2021) • Affective disorders in family members (Steinhausen et al, 2015) • Alcohol and drug abuse (Lyon et al, 1997) • Having a sibling with AN (Machado et al, 2014;Steinhausen et al, 2015) • Relational trauma…”

Section: Case Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to their respective diagnostic U.S. groups, the Japanese AN group reported higher levels of individual mental health factors and lower levels of family dieting and family overweight Table 1 (continued) family environment in the common sense play a role in the development of AN. Emotional reactivity (Lyke & Matsen, 2013), as well as family taboos regarding nudity and sexuality (Mangweth et al, 2005), low familial involvement (Haynos et al, 2016), negative affectivity (Pike et al, 2008(Pike et al, , 2021, and family discord (Pike et al, 2008) may lie in the background in the lives of a future AN patient, and should be recognized as environmental risk factors in order to develop a tailored psychotherapeutic intervention that may involve the family as well as the patient, since it seems clear that the quality of family functioning influences the development (McGrane & Carr, 2002) and maintenance of EDs (North et al, 1997;Strober et al, 1997;Wewetzer et al, 1996).…”

Section: Case Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anorexia nervosa and familial risk factors: a systematic review of the literature

et al. 2022

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Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a psychological disorder involving body manipulation, self-inflicted hunger, and fear of gaining weight.We performed an overview of the existing literature in the field of AN, highlighting the main intrafamilial risk factors for anorexia. We searched the PubMed database by using keywords such as “anorexia” and “risk factors” and “family”. After appropriate selection, 16 scientific articles were identified. The main intrafamilial risk factors for AN identified include: increased family food intake, higher parental demands, emotional reactivity, sexual family taboos, low familial involvement, family discord, negative family history for Eating Disorders (ED), family history of psychiatric disorders, alcohol and drug abuse, having a sibling with AN, relational trauma. Some other risk factors identified relate to the mother: lack of maternal caresses, dysfunctional interaction during feeding (for IA), attachment insecurity, dependence. Further studies are needed, to identify better personalized intervention strategies for patients suffering from AN.

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Section: Case Controlmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anorexia nervosa and familial risk factors: a systematic review of the literature

et al. 2022

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“…Research on risk factors suggests a complex interaction of biological (Striegel-Moore and Bulik, 2007) and genetic vulnerabilities (Bulik et al, 2016), temperamental variables (Lilenfeld, 2011;Wagner and Vitousek, 2019), family dynamics (Striegel-Moore et al, 1986), and general sociocultural pressures (Striegel-Moore et al, 1986;Wertheim and Paxton, 2011). Though these psychosocial risk factors have been studied mostly in Western and White populations, research has suggested similar correlates in other national, racial, and ethnic groups (Keel and Forney, 2013;Pike et al, 2020). According to Striegel-Moore and Bulik (2007), "the single best predictor for developing an eating disorder is being female" (p. 182).…”

Section: Risk Factors For Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderation Effects of Ethnic-Racial Identity on Disordered Eating and Ethnicity Among Asian and Caucasian Americans

Obleada

Bennett

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Background: The current study was designed to examine whether ethnic-racial identity (ERI) moderated the relationship between disordered eating and primary ethnic identification.Methods: Three hundred and ninety-eight undergraduate women (Mage = 19.95, SD = 3.09) were recruited from a large university in Hawai‘i. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the ERI measure, and reported their primary ethnicity as an index of ethnicity.Results: There was a significant correlation between eating concerns and centrality, r(357) = 0.127, p < 0.05. Moderation analyses indicated that only ERI centrality moderated the predictive effect of ethnicity on the importance of eating concerns, b = 0.05, t(347) = 2.37, p = 0.018.Conclusions: The results suggest that the relationship between self-reported primary ethnicity and EDEQ scores is greater when ethnicity is more central to the individual's identity or when the in-group affect is important to an individual. Findings underscore the need for further research on the underlying mechanisms that account for the differing ways that ERI may affect eating concerns.

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Eating Disorders, Co‐Morbid Disorders and Early Risk Factors Amongst Post‐9/11 Veteran Men and Women

Cooper,

Smith,

Kehle‐Forbes

et al. 2024

J Clin Psychol

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ObjectiveTo assess, by interview, the rates of eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of recent veterans, describe their DSM‐5 eating disorder diagnoses and the occurrence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. To conduct an exploratory case‐control analysis of previously documented and additional specific military risk factors before eating disorder onset to inform studies of prospective risk.MethodUsing a two‐stage design, probable cases and controls were identified by screening questionnaires from a sample of 1494 veterans who completed a survey study and interviewed to establish case status and confirm probable co‐morbid psychiatric diagnoses. Previously documented risk factors and military risk factors occurring before disorder onset were investigated.ResultsNinety‐one cases and 51 controls were confirmed. Weighted prevalence for any eating disorder was 5.2%, with estimates for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified eating disorder being 0.01%, 0.6%, 1.4%, and 1.6%, respectively. Seventy‐nine (86.8%) confirmed cases had a diagnosis of one or more co‐morbid psychiatric disorders. Previously documented risk factors were associated with subsequent case status, while in this sample, military risk factors were not.DiscussionRates of eating disorder and co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in recent veterans were comparable to those reported for non‐veterans, with levels of posttraumatic stress disorder likely higher. As co‐occurring psychiatric disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder, may complicate achieving good outcomes with existing evidence‐based treatments, there is an urgent need to adapt them where necessary to improve outcomes. Military risk factors may maintain or exacerbate pre‐existing problems and need to be investigated alongside other maintaining factors in longitudinal studies.Public SignificanceRates of eating disorder and co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in recent veterans were comparable to those reported for non‐veterans, highlighting a need to detect eating problems and address unmet treatment need. Co‐occurring psychiatric disorders may complicate achieving good outcomes with existing treatments, emphasising a need to adapt them to improve outcomes. Investigating maintaining factors, including military factors in longitudinal studies will likely aid treatment development.

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Risk factors for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in Japan and compared to a U.S. sample

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Anorexia nervosa and familial risk factors: a systematic review of the literature

Anorexia nervosa and familial risk factors: a systematic review of the literature

Moderation Effects of Ethnic-Racial Identity on Disordered Eating and Ethnicity Among Asian and Caucasian Americans

Eating Disorders, Co‐Morbid Disorders and Early Risk Factors Amongst Post‐9/11 Veteran Men and Women

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