Risk factors for bovine rotavirus infection and genotyping of bovine rotavirus in diarrheic calves in Bangladesh

Abstract

Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is considered the leading cause of calf diarrhea worldwide, including Bangladesh. In this study we aimed to identify risk factors for BRV infection and determine the G and P genotypes of BRV strains in diarrheic calves. Fecal samples were collected from 200 diarrheic calves in three districts between January 2014 and October 2015. These samples were screened to detect the presence of BRV using rapid test-strips BIO K 152 (RTSBK). The RTSBK positive samples were further tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the silver staining technique to detect rotavirus dsRNA. Risk factors were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The G and P genotypes of BRV were determined by RT-PCR and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the neighbor-joining method using CLC sequence viewer 8.0. About 23% of the diarrheic calves were BRV positive. The odds of BRV infection were 3.8- (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.0–14.7) and 3.9-times (95% CI:1.1–14.2) higher in Barisal and Madaripur districts, respectively, than Sirrajganj. The risk of BRV infection was 3.1-times (95% CI: 1.5–6.5) higher in calves aged ≤ 5 weeks than those aged >5 weeks. Moreover, the risk of BRV infection was 2.6-times (95% CI:1.1–5.8) higher in crossbred (Holstein Friesian, Shahiwal) than indigenous calves. G6P[11] was the predominant genotype (94.4%), followed by G10P[11] (5.6%). The BRV G6 strains were found to be closest (98.9–99.9%) to Indian strains, and BRV G10 strains showed 99.9% identities with Indian strain. The VP4 gene of all P[11] strains showed >90% identities to each other and also with Indian strains. The most frequently identified BRV genotype was G6P[11]. About 23% of calf diarrhea cases were associated with BRV. To control disease, high-risk areas and younger crossbred calves should be targeted for surveillance and management. The predominant genotype could be utilized as the future vaccine candidate or vaccines with the dominant genotype should be used to control BRV diarrhea in Bangladesh.

Epidemiological study of unusual rotavirus strains and molecular characterization of emerging P[14] strains isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis during a 15-year period

“…Although G8 and G6 are common in bovines [ 22 ], G8 is also found in oysters and shellfish, although it does not infect them [ 38 ]. In Bangladesh, the predominant genotype (> 94%) among 200 diarrheic calves was G6P[11] [ 39 ], while during 2017–2019 in India, G6P[14] and G8P[14] were the most common RVA genotypes in bovines [ 40 ]. In Brazil, in 2010–2016, only 3% of children < 3 years old with AGE were infected with G8P[4] [ 41 ], while in West Africa, in 2010, an infant with diarrhea was infected with RVA G6P[14] [ 42 ].…”

Rapid detection of bovine rotavirus a by isothermal reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays

“…One hundred and thirty-four fecal samples from cattle with diarrhea were collected from 23 different farms in this study, and the detection rate of BRVA was 46.27% (62/134) for LFS RT-RPA and 45.52% (61/134) for real-time RT-RPA. BRVA mainly infected calves under 3 months [ 25 , 26 ]. In this study, the BRVA positive rate in calves under 3 months was 70.52% (55/78), while the positive rate was only 12.50% (7/56) in adult cattle.…”

Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health

“…The G6 genotype accounts for roughly 40 to 78% of circulating bovine RVA strains, followed by G10 (21%) and G8 (3%, mostly in Africa). P [5] strains are the most prevalent (37 to 50%) followed by P [11] (15 to 35%) and P [1] (2%) [215]. The G6P [5], G6P [11], and G10P [11] combinations are the most predominant [148,213,214].…”