Risk factors for breast cancer

McPherson, Klim; Steel, C. M.; Dixon, J. Michael; Miller, William R.

doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6979.598b

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…According to the reports, every year 1.3 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and every year, almost 45,000 breast cancer patients died from the disease. [ 1,2 ] The increase in breast cancer incidence is related to poor diagnosis and failure of treatment. Traditional therapy for the management of breast cancer includes chemotherapy, radiation and some other surgery [ 3,4 ] for the effective management of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐drug development of gallic acid and metformin targeting the pro‐inflammatory cytokines for the treatment of breast cancer

Kumar

Sharma

Sachan

et al. 2023

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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It is well-documented that pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation play a significant role in the expansion of cancer disease. Gallic acid (GA), a natural compound, and metformin (Met), a synthetic drug exhibit potent anticancer potential via the distinct molecular mechanism. However, whether both these compounds can act synergistically to preclude and treat cancer is still unknown. This prompted us to scrutinize, the synergism between GA and Met, and that of a new co-drug synthesizing of GA and Met (GA-Met) and investigated the chemo-protective effect against breast cancer with possible intervention of cytokines. In vivo studies were based on chemical carcinogenesis, challenging breast tissue by dimethylbenz [α] anthracene (DMBA). Tumour incidence, tumour burden, pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, breast, hepatic tissue, macroscopically and histological analysis of mammary tumours were carried out and estimated. GA, Met and GA-Met co-drug exhibited the inhibition of cell proliferation; higher reduction of cell proliferation was observed by GA-Met. The inhibitory effect of GA-Met was linked to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, along with induction of apoptosis and accumulation in the sub-G1 phase. GA-Met significantly inhibited the cytokines production along with protection against DMBA-induced hyperplasia. Taken altogether, the current result suggests that GA-Met co-drug endows a safe and protective effect against cancer metastasis and can possibly use for the treatment of human breast cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐drug development of gallic acid and metformin targeting the pro‐inflammatory cytokines for the treatment of breast cancer

Kumar

Sharma

Sachan

et al. 2023

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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“…Breast cancer accounts for 18% of all female cancers world‐wide (McPherson et al , 2000), and in Ireland is currently the second most common female cancer, affecting over 1500 women annually (Irish Cancer Society, 1998) and causing approximately 650 deaths in women each year (Department of Health and Children, 2000). The British Association for Surgical Oncology now recognizes triple assessment as the method of diagnosis for breast lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s lived experience of breast biopsy: a phenomenological study

O’Mahony

2001

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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This study aimed to explore Irish women's lived experience of breast biopsy with a view to gaining a deeper understanding of their individual experiences and the meanings that it holds for them. A phenomenological approach from a Heideggerian hermeneutical perspective was used. Study participants were eight women aged 22-54 years who had experienced a recent breast biopsy with benign diagnosis. Data were collected using in-depth interviewing. The work of Benner (1994), together with guidelines from Morse & Field (1996) and Burnard (1991) were used to guide the process of data analysis. Themes which emerged from the data were: 'Finding the lump', 'Waiting, not knowing', 'knowing', 'Getting back to normal' and 'Reflections'. Women's feelings of initial distress followed by relief permeate these themes.

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“…19 exposure to pesticides (organochlorine pesticides, dioxins polychlorinated) can also be a risk factor associated with cancer. 47 The occupational exposure to pharmaceutical products, herbicides and fungicides have been associated with the development of lung cancer. 48,22 As seen in Tables 3, numerous epidemiological aspects relating to risk factors such as the risks of self-medication, occupational exposure to pesticides were evidenced as predictors for prostate cancer; in addition to the importance of family history.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between risk factors for prostate cancer: an epidemiological analysis

Paz

Monte

Neto

et al. 2014

R. pesq. cuid. fundam. online

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Objetivo: estabelecer correlações entre fatores de risco para o câncer de próstata. Métodos: 155 prontuários de pacientes com câncer de próstata foram analisados quanto às características do tumor e aos fatores de risco. Resultados: os pacientes apresentavam em média 70 anos de idade, primário incompleto (70%), expostos a agrotóxicos (68,56%), sem hábitos para tabagismo (93,8%), e etilismo (71,2%), portadores de adenocarcinoma (98,71%) e metástases (12,90%). Correlações (0,001) positivas foram evidenciadas com exposição ocupacional (r=0,588), uso de medicamentos (r=0,569) e exposição a radiações (r=0,609). Não foram observadas correlações para dieta, tabagismo e etilismo. Conclusão: os dados apontam para associações entre fatores genéticos e exposição ocupacional, com ênfase para a mutagenicidade e carcinogenicidade. Descritores: Câncer de próstata, Fatores de risco, Mutagenicidade, Carcinogenicidade.

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Risk factors for breast cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Co‐drug development of gallic acid and metformin targeting the pro‐inflammatory cytokines for the treatment of breast cancer

Co‐drug development of gallic acid and metformin targeting the pro‐inflammatory cytokines for the treatment of breast cancer

Women’s lived experience of breast biopsy: a phenomenological study

Correlations between risk factors for prostate cancer: an epidemiological analysis

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