Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Professional Firefighters

McAllister, Matthew J.; Gonzalez, Drew E.; Leonard, Megan; Martaindale, M. Hunter; Pence, Jacquelyn; Martin, Steven E.

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002743

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Previous studies suggested that higher CRF has been associated with decreased number of metabolic abnormalities among firefighters ( 31 , 32 ). Especially, McAllister et al reported that firefighter’s cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was negatively associated with surrogate estimated of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ( 33 ) and lowest CRF levels (Metabolic equivalents; METs ≤ 10) was a higher prevalence of MetSyn compared to highest CRF level (METs > 14) in US firefighter ( 26 ). Collectively, increases in CRF might be needed to prevent and treat hypertension, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, and abdominal obesity among US firefighters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in US firefighters

Seo

Gann

Lee

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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ObjectivesAmong US firefighters, sudden cardiac arrest and psychological stress (i.e., PTSD) are the leading cause of on-duty death. Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) may influence both cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Here, we examined differences in cardiometabolic disease risk factors, cognitive function, and physical fitness in US firefighters with vs. without MetSyn.Materials and methodsOne hundred fourteen male firefighters, aged 20 to 60 years, participated in the study. US firefighters with MetSyn vs. non-MetSyn were divided by AHA/NHLBI criteria. Of them, we performed a paired-match analysis with respect to the age and BMI of firefighters with (n = 18) vs. without MetSyn (n = 18). The cardiometabolic disease risk factors included blood pressure, fasting glucose, blood lipid profiles [HDL-C, triglyceride (TG)], and surrogate markers of insulin resistance [TG/HDL-C, TG glucose index (TyG)]. The cognitive test included a psychomotor vigilance task as a measure of reaction time and a delayed-match-to-sample task (DMS) as a measure of memory, using the computer-based Psychological Experiment Building Language Version 2.0 program. The differences between MetSyn and non-MetSyn groups in US firefighters were analyzed using an independent t-test adjusted for age and BMI. In addition, Spearman correlation and stepwise multiple regression were conducted.ResultsUS firefighters with MetSyn exhibited severe insulin resistance estimated by TG/HDL-C and TyG (Cohen’s d > 0.8, all p < 0.01) compared with their age- and BMI-matched counterparts without MetSyn. In addition, US firefighters with MetSyn exhibited higher DMS total time and reaction time compared with non-MetSyn (Cohen’s d > 0.8, all p < 0.01). In stepwise linear regression, HDL-C predicted DMS total time (β = − 0.440, R2 = 0.194, p < 0.05), and TyG (β = 0.432, R2 = 0.186, p < 0.05) predicted DMS reaction time.ConclusionUS firefighters with vs. without MetSyn were predisposed to metabolic risk factors, surrogate markers of insulin resistance, and cognitive function, even when matched for age and BMI, and there was a negative association between metabolic characteristics and cognitive function in US firefighters. The findings of this study suggest that the prevention of MetSyn may be beneficial to supporting firefighters’ safety and occupational performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in US firefighters

Seo

Gann

Lee

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Indeed, about 75% of firefighters are classified as overweight or obese (≈75%) [32][33][34]. Obesity is associated with lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as clusters of other cardiovascular disease risk factors [32][33][34][35][36]. Evidence indicates that firefighters engage in sedentary behaviors and poor dietary practices, which further exacerbates the risk of premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease [37].…”

Section: Physical Health Threat: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These clinical assessments are recommended as essential procedures to be included in fire department annual medical exams [47]. As such, greater CRF is associated with reduced blood pressure [48], reduced arterial stiffness [49], and less desirable levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and advanced oxidation protein products [35,36,[50][51][52]. In addition, higher CRF is associated with lower body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percent body fat [53][54][55].…”

Section: Physical Health Countermeasure: Clinical and Fitness Assessm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firefighter Health: A Narrative Review of Occupational Threats and Countermeasures

Gonzalez,

Lanham,

Martin

et al. 2024

Healthcare

Self Cite

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Structural firefighters are responsible for protecting properties and saving lives during emergency operations. Despite efforts to prepare firefighters for these hazardous occupational demands, the unfortunate reality is that the incidence of health morbidities is increasing within the fire service. Specifically, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mental health disorders are among the most documented morbidities in firefighters. Pubmed and Google Scholar search engines were used to identify peer-reviewed English language manuscripts that evaluated firefighters’ occupational health threats, allostatic factors associated with their occurrence, and evidence-based strategies to mitigate their impact. This narrative review provides fire departments, practitioners, and researchers with evidence-based practices to enhance firefighters’ health.

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“…Most scientific studies published in this area to date involving firefighters concern the importance of occupational stress and burnout [ 8 , 9 ], the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in this occupational group [ 4 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] and obesity [ 15 , 16 ]. In Poland, scientific research efforts with the participation of State Fire Service firefighters are also limited and mainly refer to the analysis of sleep disorders [ 17 ], post-traumatic stress and burnout [ 18 ], or the frequency of accidents during work [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Length of Service of 24/48 Firefighters with the Quality of Their Diet and Selected Anthropometric Parameters

Dobrowolska-Zrałka,

Kujawa,

Regulska-Ilow

2023

Nutrients

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The aim of the study was to examine the association of lengths of service (LS) ≤ 10 years and >10 years in 24/48 shifts with the quality of the observed diet based on the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF9.3) and selected anthropometric parameters of 130 firefighters of the State Fire Service (SFS) in Wroclaw, Poland. The study also analysed the individual components of the men’s diets required to calculate the NRF9.3 index in both seniority groups. Men with LS > 10 years had statistically significant higher body weight (89.00 kg vs. 81.59 kg), body-fat level (22.80 kg vs. 17.95 kg), waist circumference (96.50 cm vs. 89.00 cm), body-fat percentage (21.94 ± 4.06% vs. 25.00 ± 5.45%), body mass index (BMI) (28.10 kg/m2 vs. 25.40 kg/m2) and waist–hip ratio (WHR) (0.84 0.92 vs. 0.84), compared to the LF ≤ 10 years group. In contrast, the quality of the men’s dietary adherence, based on the calculated NRF9.3 index, did not differ between the study groups, and was 662.50 ± 103.1 and 664.78 for the LS ≤ 10 years and LS > 10 years groups, respectively. Based on a statistical analysis using the NRF9.3 diet quality index by tertile (NRF9.3-C), a leading and statistically significant association of LS > 10 years vs. ≤10 years was observed as to most of the anthropometric parameters studied. In contrast, the association of participants’ diet quality, as assessed by the NRF9.3 index value, was insignificant for all anthropometric parameters studied.

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Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Professional Firefighters

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Potential impact of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in US firefighters

Potential impact of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in US firefighters

Firefighter Health: A Narrative Review of Occupational Threats and Countermeasures

Association of the Length of Service of 24/48 Firefighters with the Quality of Their Diet and Selected Anthropometric Parameters

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