Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never‐smokers: A systematic review

Pando‐Sandoval, Ana; Ruano-Raviña, Alberto; Candal-Pedreira, Cristina; Rodríguez‐García, Carlota; Represas-Represas, Cristina; Golpe, Rafael; Fernández-Villar, Alberto; Pérez-Ríos, Mónica

doi:10.1111/crj.13479

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Barnoya and colleagues, for example, report a similar per unit time effect on CVD related phenotypes for first-hand smoking and exposure to ETS (71). Previous meta-analyses also found evidence of a dose-response effect for COPD (72,73), but estimates of this effect are much greater in magnitude than a naive interpretation of those observed here (73,74). It is possible that the absence of an association with CVD observed in the present study reflects a greater robustness to residual confounding, selection bias, and reverse causation.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Researchmentioning

confidence: 90%

WITHDRAWN: Assessing the Causal Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A meta-analytic Mendelian randomisation study

Woolf

Rajasundaram

Sallis

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives: Cigarette smoking is a major cause of global morbidity and premature mortality. There is evidence that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS; "second-hand smoking" or "passive smoking") contributes substantially to ill health. However, it is difficult to establish causality given well-described problems of confounding and selection bias. We applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) to investigate the causal effects of ETS exposure. Design: We employed six MR estimation approaches: the effects of each parent's smoking on their offspring, the effects of each parent's smoking on the other parent, and the effects of self-reported exposure to second-hand smoking both inside and outside of the home. Setting: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with sample sizes ranging from 397,732 to 909,629 individuals of predominantly European ancestry. Interventions: To mimic exposure to ETS in the first four approaches, we used an individual's exposure to their relative's genetic liability to smoke, conditional on the original individual's genetic liability to smoke. In the final two approaches we used instruments associated with self-reported exposure to ETS. Outcomes: Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and depression. Results: Our findings support a causal effect of genetically predicted ETS exposure on lung cancer and COPD (odds per hour exposed in a typical week = 1.41 [95% CI: 1.23 to 1.61] and 1.11 [95% CI: 1.07 to 1.16] respectively). We did not find evidence supporting an effect on other outcomes. Discussion: ETS may cause both lung cancer and COPD. Although our results do not support an effect of ETS on other outcomes, this might reflect low statistical power to detect smaller effect sizes. These results support public health measures to limit exposure to ETS.

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Section: Comparison With Existing Researchmentioning

confidence: 90%

WITHDRAWN: Assessing the Causal Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A meta-analytic Mendelian randomisation study

Woolf

Rajasundaram

Sallis

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We identified 19 reviews, studying six different risk factors [ 46 , 54 , 57 , 60 , 61 , 64 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 81 – 83 , 85 , 86 , 93 , 94 ]. P ark et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 82 ], with a 10 μg·m -3 increase in NO 2 being associated with an mHR of 1.07 (95% CI 1.00–1.16) [ 60 ] and an mRR of 1.02, respectively. Indoor air pollution caused by indoor biomass burning was found to be a risk factor for COPD in several reviews [ 54 , 57 , 61 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 81 , 83 , 85 , 86 , 93 , 94 ]. Found mORs ranged between 1.52 (95% CI 1.39–1.67), found by N joku et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onset asthma: an umbrella review

et al. 2023

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BackgroundCOPD and adult-onset asthma (AOA) are the most common noncommunicable respiratory diseases. To improve early identification and prevention, an overview of risk factors is needed. We therefore aimed to systematically summarise the nongenetic (exposome) risk factors for AOA and COPD. Additionally, we aimed to compare the risk factors for COPD and AOA.MethodsIn this umbrella review, we searched PubMed for articles from inception until 1 February 2023 and screened the references of relevant articles. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational epidemiological studies in humans that assessed a minimum of one lifestyle or environmental risk factor for AOA or COPD.ResultsIn total, 75 reviews were included, of which 45 focused on risk factors for COPD, 28 on AOA and two examined both. For asthma, 43 different risk factors were identified while 45 were identified for COPD. For AOA, smoking, a high body mass index (BMI), wood dust exposure and residential chemical exposures, such as formaldehyde exposure or exposure to volatile organic compounds, were amongst the risk factors found. For COPD, smoking, ambient air pollution including nitrogen dioxide, a low BMI, indoor biomass burning, childhood asthma, occupational dust exposure and diet were amongst the risk factors found.ConclusionsMany different factors for COPD and asthma have been found, highlighting the differences and similarities. The results of this systematic review can be used to target and identify people at high risk for COPD or AOA.

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“…2,4 Both diseases pose complex mechanism and heterogeneous pathophysiology, progression triggered by various risk factors such as genetic predisposition, age, allergic rhinitis, smoking, exposure to environmental hazards, obesity and other respiratory infections like tuberculosis and pneumonia infections. 5,6 Asthma and COPD exacerbations are known as major causes of mortality, morbidity, increased treatment cost and loss of lung function. The frequency of exacerbation has been decreased in asthma or can be fully prevented while in patients' with COPD exacerbation has still not decreased due to irreversible and has progressed with time resulting in higher mortality than asthma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Adherence and Common Non-adherence Factors for Inhaled Medications in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

Nazareth¹,

Agarwal²,

Sah³

et al. 2023

Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. Res

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Background: Inhaled medications are the cornerstone for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Adherence of inhaled medications can be influenced by many factors such as patient preferences, education and awareness. Therefore, it is fundamental to identify and address the factors that helps to improve adherence to inhaled medications. Hence, this study aims to assess the adherence and common non-adherence factors for inhaled medications in asthma and COPD patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the department of respiratory medicine for 6 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 150 patients who were diagnosed with asthma and COPD, and used inhaled medications were enrolled. Patients were interviewed and administered with Inhaled Medication Adherence Questionnaire (IMAQ). The identified factors for non-adherence were classified based on the five dimensions of adherence instrumented by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: A total of 97/150 (64.7%) patients [asthma: 42 (64.2%) and COPD: 55 (68.7%)] were found non-adherent to inhaled medications. Between them, 54% were attributable to socioeconomic reasons, 38% were patient-related, 4.6% therapy-related and 3.3% healthcare system-related. According to the study results majority of patients showed non-adherence due to socioeconomic-related factors followed by patient-related factors. Conclusion: This study concluded that non-adherence to inhaled medication was high in asthma and COPD patients. Low economic status, social stigma, lack of knowledge, inappropriate usage technique and complexity of treatment were the most common factors influencing non-adherence to inhaled medications in asthma and COPD.

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Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never‐smokers: A systematic review

Cited by 19 publications

References 55 publications

WITHDRAWN: Assessing the Causal Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A meta-analytic Mendelian randomisation study

WITHDRAWN: Assessing the Causal Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A meta-analytic Mendelian randomisation study

Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onset asthma: an umbrella review

Assessment of Adherence and Common Non-adherence Factors for Inhaled Medications in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

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