Risk factors for clinical or subclinical mastitis following infusion of internal teat sealant alone at the end of lactation in cows with low somatic cell counts

McDougall, S; Williamson, J.H.; Gohary, Khaled; Lacy-Hulbert, J.

doi:10.1080/00480169.2021.1977200

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We cannot be certain how the 2 products would compare when the of mastitis differs from that reported here. McDougall et al (2022) reported 3.1% (exact binomial CI: 2.1 to 4.4%) CM for the first 60 d of lactation in cows treated with ITS alone, and Bates and Saldias (2018) found 5.7% (95% CI: 4.0 to 8.0%) CM in cows treated with ITS alone for the period from 30 d before to 84 d after calving. Despite the longer followup in those studies compared to the present study, the majority of cases occurred within 14 d of calving, suggesting the level of CM recorded in the present study is typical of other studies from New Zealand pastoral systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of internal teat sealants over the dry period and their efficacy in reducing clinical and subclinical mastitis at calving

Bates¹,

King²,

Dhar³

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Internal teat sealants (ITS) reduce the risk of new intramammary infections over the dry period by forming a physical barrier to pathogen ingress. As the first and last 2 wk of the dry period are high-risk periods for new infections, maintaining an effective barrier in this period is a key requirement. Few studies have systematically examined sealant retention and none have done so under New Zealand pastoral conditions, where cows frequently move to separate grazing for dry periods, typically 80 to 90 d long. This multi-herd study was a split-udder equivalence trial comparing 2 ITS formulations for retention and efficacy in preventing periparturient clinical and subclinical mastitis. Both ITS contained 65% (2.6 g) bismuth salts, which contribute to the barrier within the teat canal, emulsified in ≤1.4 g of mineral oil. However, one ITS additionally contained <10% amorphous silica. At dry-off, treatment was randomly allocated to diagonal teat-pairs within 409 cows on 4 farms. All cows met industry best practice criteria for ITS treatment alone. The study unit was quarter within cow and farm. Outcomes included clinical mastitis (CM) incidence for the last 7 d of the dry period and first 42 d of lactation, subclinical mastitis (SCM) incidence 96 h after calving, and quantity of residual after centrifuging 50 mL of colostrum collected from each quarter within 24 h of calving. Proportional outcomes were analyzed using Bayesian mixed models with a binomial distribution and logit link function, whereas the quantity of residual was analyzed using Bayesian finite mixture models and cluster bootstrapping. We set a region of probable equivalence (ROPE) of ±2.5% between proportions and ±0.2 g for residual weight. Records were available for 1,596 quarters (399 cows). We detected no meaningful difference in inci-dence of CM or SCM attributable to differences in sealant: the model predicted treatment differences of 0.00 with a 95% highest density interval (HDI) of ±1.00%. Across all cows and farms, the marginal difference in the percentage of quarters with CM was 0.11% (95% HDI: −2.11 to 2.49%), and for SCM 0.00 (95% HDI: −1.98 to 1.94%). Including the quantity of residual recovered at calving did not improve fit or predictive ability of the models predicting CM or SCM, and the coefficient spanned the null value. The distribution of the weight of material recovered at calving was multi-modal; for 25% of quarters, more residual was recovered than inserted. When the residual weight was less than or equal to the median residual weight (2.06 g; range: 0.19-6.03 g), there was a ≥90% probability that any treatment difference in residual was ≤0.2 g. When the residual weight was between the median and 75th percentile (4.40 g; 95% HDI: 4.00 to 4.75 g), there was no clear difference in residual between products. Above the 75th percentile, there was a 90% probability that the residual from quarters differed by product type (difference = 0.36 g, 90% HDI: 0.20 to 0.54 g). In conclusion, both products had equivalent efficacy for SCM and CM. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of internal teat sealants over the dry period and their efficacy in reducing clinical and subclinical mastitis at calving

Bates¹,

King²,

Dhar³

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…However, our results demonstrate that mastitis therapy success is strongly influenced by the pathogen species affecting dairy cows in the late lactation stage. Mastitis prevention and treatment in the late lactation period may play a critical role in future udder health and production [ 40 , 42 , 43 , 57 ]. However, unlike for other chemical-derived therapeutic products [ 9 , 58 ], there is scarce information related to the use of natural therapeutic compounds to treat and prevent mastitis in dairy cattle [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high percentage of environmental mastitis diagnosed cases within 100 d of calving have been attributed to late lactation infection [ 37 ]. The treatment of subclinical mastitis cases in the late lactation by intramammary infusion of antimicrobials is a frequent strategy in the dairy industry because bovine mastitis prevalence has soared in recent years; however, the bacteriological cure rate is variable [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. During the late lactation, the level of antibacterial components and concentration of immune cells in the milk are minimal [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramammary Infusion of Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) in Mastitis-Diagnosed Dairy Cows Naturally Infected by Staphylococcus spp. in the Late Lactation

Gutiérrez-Reinoso,

Uquilla,

Guamaní

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Infectious mastitis is the most prevalent health problem in dairy cattle that can result in permanent economic losses on dairy farms. The micronised purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is a biocompatible active polyphenolic compound derived from flavonoid glycosides which exhibits several antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and phlebotonic properties. The goal was to assess the effects of an alternative therapy for mastitis based on MPFF intramammary infusions in late lactation in dairy cows naturally infected by Staphylococcus spp. The California Mastitis Test (CMT scores) was performed to detect mastitis-positive quarters in twelve dairy farms. All cows were screened for immune response by measuring somatic cell counts (SCCs; cells/mL) in milk samples from each quarter. In addition, bacteriological identification, pathogenic bacterial isolates, and total bacterial counts (TBCs; CFU/mL) were assessed before (day 0, last milking day) and after (day 3 post-calving) MPFF application. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the pathogenic isolated bacteria were evaluated. Finally, cure rates (%) were determined for each MPFF treatment. Around 15 mastitis-related genera were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus (25.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS; 22.4%) were the most prevalent pathogens. No statistical differences were observed in SCCs and TBCs after low, medium, and high MPFF dose administration in S. aureus-positive mastitis cases (p > 0.05). However, differences were observed in SCCs and TBCs after medium and high MPFF dose administration in CNS-positive quarters (p < 0.05). The pathogenic bacteria isolate reduction after MPFF applications showed a dose-response fashion (p < 0.01) while isolates obtained from controls and low MPFF-treated quarters remained similar, irrespective of the pathogen (p > 0.05). Sensitivity patterns were variable, although S. aureus remained resistant, irrespective of the MPFF dose. However, CNS showed a dose-response sensitivity pattern. Finally, the cure rate (%) on day 3 post-partum improved significantly using medium and higher MPFF doses in CNS-positive quarters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MPFF treatment was found to be more effective for CNS-positive cases in the late lactation due to noticeable dose-specific responses regarding somatic cells, bacterial counts, sensitivity patterns, and cure rates in dairy cattle.

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“…Високопродуктивні корови внаслідок інтенсивного обміну речовин є більш схильними до захворювання на мастит. Так, у 3,1 % корів виявлено клінічний мастит у перші 60 днів після отелення, при цьому ймовірність клінічного маститу була більшою для корів, які виробляли >15 л/день під час останнього стадного тесту попередньої лактації, ніж для корів, які виробляли <10 л/день (McDougall et al, 2022). Таким чином, актуальним науковим завданням є виявлення маститу на субклінічній стадії та його своєчасне лікування.…”

Section: вступunclassified

Characteristics of bacterial contamination of the mammary gland secretion of lactating cows with subclinical mastitis

Pasternak,

Koshevoy,

Naumenko

et al. 2023

SMLNUVMB

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Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in lactating cows is a common disease characterized by a change in the composition of mammary gland secretion, especially due to an increase in number of somatic cells in it over a long period of time. Etiologically, this disease arises as a result of the pathogenic effect of mixed infections caused mainly by bacteria of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera. It should be noted that due to high prevalence, reduction of milk yield and changes in the physical and chemical properties of milk of cows, SCM is a more important problem than clinical forms of mastitis. Thus, the aim of the work was to determine the main causative agents of SCM in lactating cows and their resistance to antibiotics in order to justify the feasibility of using alternative means in the schemes of therapy and prevention of this disease. During the bacteriological examination of mammary gland secretion, streptococci were differentiated by morphological and cultural-biochemical properties, and the pathogenicity of staphylococci was determined by the ability to coagulate rabbit blood plasma in the conditions of the testing laboratory of Smartbiolab LLC (Kharkov) in 2019–2021. Subclinical mastitis in lactating cows was determined using a sample with 5 % dimastine and a thermographic study. Before taking milk samples, the udders were wiped with 70 % alcohol, and the milk was expressed in sterile tubes. The samples were transported in plastic boxes with cooling elements (at a temperature of 8–10 °С) and were examined no later than 4 hours after the moment of selection. The results of research in selected samples Streptococcus spp., which has β-hemolytic properties, was found in 42.9 % of samples, E. coli with hemolytic properties in 28.6 %, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus in 14.2 % each. The detected pathogens were characterized by the following indicators of antibiotic resistance: E. coli isolates were insensitive to 8 antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, neomycin, spectinomycin, spiramycin, lincomycin, chloramphenicol), and Streptococcus spp. (penicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulonic acid, streptomycin, norfloxacin, gatifloxacin, lincomycin) and Staphylococcus aureus (ampicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, ceftiofur and lincomycin) up to 7, respectively.

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Risk factors for clinical or subclinical mastitis following infusion of internal teat sealant alone at the end of lactation in cows with low somatic cell counts

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Retention of internal teat sealants over the dry period and their efficacy in reducing clinical and subclinical mastitis at calving

Retention of internal teat sealants over the dry period and their efficacy in reducing clinical and subclinical mastitis at calving

Intramammary Infusion of Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) in Mastitis-Diagnosed Dairy Cows Naturally Infected by Staphylococcus spp. in the Late Lactation

Characteristics of bacterial contamination of the mammary gland secretion of lactating cows with subclinical mastitis

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