Risk factors for cognitive and functional change in one year in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia from São Paulo, Brazil

Associations of Blood Pressure with Functional and Cognitive Changes in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

“…Whereas cerebrovascular risk factors may contribute to the incidence of AD, one French study of 629 subjects found no differences in cognitive decline after 2 years between patients with cerebrovascular risk factors and those without [27], though a recent Brazilian study of 193 subjects found that combinations of cerebrovascular risk factors may cumulatively lead to cognitive improvement in 1 year in patients with late-onset AD [3]. Contrariwise, a Chinese study of 123 subjects has recently demonstrated faster functional and cognitive decline in 3 years for patients with AD and arterial hypertension [28].…”

“…Senescence-related cognitive changes may result from reduced brain circulation [1] leading to continuous hypoperfusion that increases generation of amyloid-β [2], particularly in the limbic and association cortices in APOE4+ carriers [3]. Neurodegenerative mechanisms result in loss of noradrenergic cell bodies in the locus ceruleus that may lead to hypotension due to decreased concentration of norepinephrine in the brain [4]; thus, mildly elevated blood pressure (BP) seems to benefit mental and physical functions in older people, while low and higher BP values are associated with poorer performance [5].…”

“…Patients with late-onset AD also seem to have higher systolic BP than gender-matched patients with Lewy body dementia syndromes [8], suggesting either a compensatory mechanism or a more important role of BP for amyloidogenic pathways. Contrariwise, it has been demonstrated that arterial hypertension acts in concert with other cerebrovascular risk factors to stabilize cognitive function in patients with late-onset AD, possibly due to enhanced cerebral perfusion in late life [3]. …”

Summary of psychometric properties of the French version of the questionnaire mental health profile of etindele (MHPE)

“…Major brain disorders as well as central nervous or cognitive failure, have common signs they share each other [1][2][3]. It is remains important to evaluate precisely without or before invasive investigations, which profile the disease hides behind the symptoms in front.…”

Sleep Duration and Dementia in Older Adults

“…The authors recognized the correlations with Mini-Mental State Examination scores; behavioral symptoms and Clock Drawing Test scores should also be considered for understanding the associations with sleep duration [9] . In addition, as adjusting independent variables, instrumental functionality and use of medications such as anti-psychotics should also be considered in a systematic review, because these factors modulate the level of cognitive function [10] .…”