Risk factors for coronary artery disease: Historical perspectives

Hajar, Rachel

doi:10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_106_17

Cited by 534 publications

(393 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Patients who were older were less likely to have lipid panels ordered, most likely due to a perceived lower life expectancy and thus lower likelihood of a second cardiovascular event occurring. This is not always the case, however, with older patients remaining more at risk for cardiovascular disease than younger patients [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) remains the most common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide [1]. Dyslipidemia in particular is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular events, with other contributing factors including a family history of heart disease, hypertension, smoking, aging, diabetes mellitus, and other lipoprotein abnormalities [2]. Early risk assessment and intervention have proved to be crucial in the prevention of further events in patients with a history of ASCVD [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid Control Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: One Year Follow-Up of a Middle-Eastern Cohort

Atallah

Khaddage

Sadik

et al. 2020

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Background: Data on patient characteristics and provider practices in the management of lipids per the new guidelines in specific secondary prevention patients in the Middle East is limited. Objective: To explore patient characteristics and lipid management practices according to the new cholesterol guidelines in secondary prevention patients, up to one year following discharge for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients discharged post CABG between February 2017 and February 2018 at a quaternary care centre in the Middle East. Patients were characterized by baseline demographics, comorbidities, and use of lipid lowering medications. Results: 189 patients were included in the analysis. Most were diabetic (70.9%) and classified as very high risk per the ACC/AHA guidelines (84.1%) and as extremely high risk per the AACE guidelines (85.2%). Most patients (93.1%) were discharged on high intensity statin. About one third (28.6%) were never seen or only followed once within the first 2 weeks post discharge. Of those who continued to follow up beyond 3 months and within 1 year of discharge (44.4%), about half (51.2%) had follow-up lipid panels performed. Patients who followed up and were seen by a cardiologist were five times more likely to have lipid panels ordered than those seen solely by a CT surgeon. Of those with follow-up lipid panels beyond 3 months: 59.3% achieved LDL goal of <70 mg/dL and 29% achieved LDL <55 mg/dL based on their respective goals. Conclusions: Most patients undergoing CABG in a quaternary care centre in the Middle East are high risk ASCVD. Nonetheless, lipid goals are not commonly achieved nor routinely monitored. Providers will need to transition from the previous risk stratification and statin-only focused approach to adopt the most recent guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Control Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: One Year Follow-Up of a Middle-Eastern Cohort

Atallah

Khaddage

Sadik

et al. 2020

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“…A family history of CAD was present in 32.80% of fire-fighters. The risk of CAD is exponentially increased when family history is combined with poor dietary habits, physical inactivity and smoking [18]. Family history also plays a major role in the development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes [16], [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among fire-fighters in Cape Town, South Africa

Achmat

November

Leach

2019

Preprint

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14Background 15 Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and on-duty mortality among fire- 16 fighters. This study investigated the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors 17 among firefighters in Cape Town, South Africa. 18 Methods 19 A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study design was used. A convenient sample 20 of 219 male fire-fighters with mean age 37.85±9.80 years was recruited. Eight major CAD 21 risk factors were measured. SPSS (ver. 23) was used with the Pearson correlation and 22 Kruskall-Wallis H test with the Mann Whitney test post hoc and a Bonferroni correction. 23 Results 2 24 The significance level set at p<0.05. Most fire-fighters (65.29%) were stratified as moderate 25 risk for CAD, with 21.00% as low risk, and 14.15% as high risk. A sedentary lifestyle was 26 the most prevalent CAD risk factor (51.14%), followed by obesity (45.90%). and cigarette 27 smoking (38.30%). Statistically significant correlations were found between waist 28 circumference and body mass index (BMI) (r=0.711; p<0.01), hip circumference and BMI 29 (r=0.673; p<0.01), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (r=0.665; p<0.01), and 30 BMI and body mass (r=0.512; p<0.01). 31 Conclusion 32 The majority of fire-fighters presented with multiple modifiable CAD risk factors. Fire 33 departments should focus on promoting education on CAD to reduce the risk of fire-fighters 34 developing heart disease. 35 36 42 of heart attacks [3], [4]. These cardiovascular events do not only happen at random, but 43 mostly occur during very physically demanding situations, such as fire suppression [4].44 Furthermore, the majority of fire-fighters who experienced these events possess one or more 45 of the following risk factors for CAD, namely, obesity, prediabetes, dyslipidemia, high blood 46 pressure (hypertension), cigarette smoking, and/or a sedentary lifestyle. The risk of heart 47 attacks among fire-fighters is dependent on many factors, including factors such as a low 3 48 level of physical activity, and chronic exposure to smoke. In addition, the high temperatures 49 present during fire suppression significantly increase physiological strain and the potential to 50 over exert the cardiovascular system [4]. 51 Many countries in Africa bear a heavy burden from cardiovascular disease, more especially 52 in sub-Saharan Africa [5]. In South Africa, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease has been 53 aggravated by an increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, 54 hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and sedentary lifestyles [6]. The majority of individuals 55 affected are young and at their most productive age, and constitute the largest sector of the 56 workforce, fire-fighters included [6]. 57 Many of the fire-fighters, who died on-duty, did not have an up-to-date medical evaluation 58 [2]. Hypertension, prior occlusive disease, and cigarette smoking presented as significant risk 59 factors for on-duty-death [2]. Furthermore, some of the firefighters who were ...

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“…The progression of cardiovascular diseases is linked to several factors, among which the development of certain factors, known as "Cardiovascular risk factors". These factors are smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), (Hajar, 2017). The lipid balance, a simple examination accessible to all laboratories is a step in this prevention strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of dyslipidemia in a Burkinabe military population

Karfo¹,

Kangambega²,

Kabré³

et al. 2020

Afr. J. Biochem. Res.

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The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in soldiers received at the laboratory of the Medical Center Camp General Aboubacar Sangoulé Lamizana (CMCGASL) for a medical visit. This is a prospective study of 224 military personnel assigned to peacekeeping missions outside Burkina Faso. The study was conducted over the period of September 2017 to November 2017. Included in the study were the military with at least one lipid status parameter. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol as well as triglycerides were measured using enzymatic methods on a KONELAB20® Biochemistry machine. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study population was 41.96%. The average age of our patients was 39.49 years and the most represented age group was 30 to 57 years old. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypolipidemia were respectively: 3.12, 33, 93, 4.91 and 0%. The dyslipidemias were strongly correlated with hypertension. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the military was high. These results demonstrate the value of conducting an epidemiological survey on cardiovascular risk factors in the Burkinabe armed forces.

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Risk factors for coronary artery disease: Historical perspectives

Cited by 534 publications

References 49 publications

Lipid Control Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: One Year Follow-Up of a Middle-Eastern Cohort

Lipid Control Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: One Year Follow-Up of a Middle-Eastern Cohort

Prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among fire-fighters in Cape Town, South Africa

Prevalence of dyslipidemia in a Burkinabe military population

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