Risk Factors for Depression in Adolescents With ADHD: The Impact of Cognitive Biases and Stress

Shapero, Benjamin G.; Gibb, Brandon E.; Archibald, Abigail R.; Wilens, Timothy E.; Fava, Maurizio; Hirshfeld‐Becker, Dina R.

doi:10.1177/1087054718797447

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Determining the factors predicting depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescents with ADHD is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention programs. Research has revealed that female sex [3], ADHD symptoms [13], genes [2,3], stressful life events [14], low self-competency [15], information-processing biases [14], maternal depression [3], parent-child difficulties [16,17], and problems with peers [16,17] can predict depression-related problems in individuals with ADHD. Studies have also shown that female sex [2,3], increased age [18], ADHD symptoms [19], poor family function [20], executive function deficits [21,22], comorbid depressive disorders, behavioral and substance use disorders [23,24], and maternal depression [3] can predict suicidal behaviors.…”

Section: Factors Related To Depression and Suicidality In Adolescents With Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Roles of Bullying Involvement, Frustration Intolerance, and Hostility

Liu

Hsiao

Chou

2021

IJERPH

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This study examined the relationships of cyberbullying and traditional bullying victimization and perpetration, perceived family function, frustration discomfort, and hostility with self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescents diagnosed as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both the self-reported severity of depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the occurrence of suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt on the suicidality module of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia were assessed in 195 adolescents with ADHD. The adolescents completed the Cyberbullying Experiences Questionnaire, Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire, Frustration–Discomfort Scale, Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory, and Family APGAR Index. Caregivers completed the ADHD problems component of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the correlates for each of self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality. The results showed that after the effects of gender, age, ADHD symptoms, and family function were controlled, greater frustration discomfort and bullying perpetration significantly predicted self-reported depressive symptoms. Being cyberbullying victims and displaying hostility significantly predicted the risk of suicidality. Various types of bullying involvement, frustration intolerance, and hostility significantly predicted self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescents with ADHD. By monitoring and intervening in these factors, we can reduce the risk of depression-related problems and suicidality in adolescents with ADHD.

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Section: Factors Related To Depression and Suicidality In Adolescents With Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Roles of Bullying Involvement, Frustration Intolerance, and Hostility

Liu

Hsiao

Chou

2021

IJERPH

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“…8 Additionally, young people with ADHD may experience depression more often when confronted with life stress than people without ADHD. 184 With mild or moderate cases of depression, treatment of ADHD should be pursued, as it can reduce the long-term risk for depressive episodes. 185 A large study in Taiwan found lower rates of antidepressant resistance when individuals with ADHD and depression received combined treatment with antidepressants and psychostimulants vs treatment with antidepressant alone.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualization of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment: pharmacotherapy considerations by age and co-occurring conditions

et al. 2020

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in childhood and can persist into adolescence and adulthood. Impairments associated with ADHD can impact quality of life, social interactions, and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality; however, for many patients, effective treatment can lessen these effects. Pharmacotherapy with stimulants or nonstimulants is recommended in conjunction with psychosocial therapy for most patients. Determining the optimal pharmacotherapy can be complex, and the clinician needs to consider many factors such as the patient’s age, comorbidities, and lifestyle. Furthermore, the needs of the patient with ADHD will change over time, with specific challenges to consider at each stage of life. A variety of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved stimulant and nonstimulant formulations are available with different modes of delivery and durations of effect. This armamentarium of ADHD medications can be used to individualize ADHD treatment for each patient’s needs. This article combines current information from the literature and the first-hand experience of the authors to provide guidance on ADHD treatment options for patients of different ages and for some of the more common comorbidities.

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“…11,29 This study was designed to assess the relationship between the symptoms of ADHD, IGD, and depression among college students. As cognitive biases can impact the relationship between depression and ADHD 30,31 and are associated with the presence and psychotherapy effect of depression, 32,33 hopelessness was also assessed in the study. The hypothesis tested was: ADHD symptoms are directly associated with IGD symptoms, and the effect can be indirectly enhanced through depressive and hopelessness symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms Mediated by Depressive Symptoms and Hopelessness Among College Students

Chen¹,

Dai²,

Shi³

et al. 2021

NDT

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Purpose: The mediating role of depressive symptoms and hopelessness on the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms has not yet been elucidated. This study assessed this mediating effect in college students. Participants and Methods: Participants consisted of 1236 freshmen recruited at a local university. Symptoms of ADHD, IGD, depression and hopelessness were measured using self-report scales. The effect of ADHD on IGD mediated by depression and hopelessness was analyzed by Haye's PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 6) using the bias-corrected percentile bootstrap method with 5000 bootstrapped samples. Results: Symptoms of ADHD, depression and hopelessness were common in college students and were strongly associated with the appearance of IGD symptoms. ADHD symptoms of college students impacted their IGD symptoms directly and indirectly via depressive symptoms and hopelessness. The total effect of ADHD symptoms on IGD symptoms was 0.075 (standard error [SE]: 0.009, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.057, 0.093), with a direct effect of 0.037 (SE: 0.010, 95% CI 0.018, 0.056, effect ratio: 49.3%), and total indirect effect was 0.038 (SE: 0.005, 95% CI 0.029, 0.050, effect ratio: 50.7%). Conclusion: Depressive symptoms and hopelessness can mediate the relationship between ADHD and IGD symptoms among college students. These findings point to the importance of evaluating ADHD, depressive and hopelessness symptoms for the prevention and treatment of adult IGD.

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Risk Factors for Depression in Adolescents With ADHD: The Impact of Cognitive Biases and Stress

Abstract: These results enhance our understanding of vulnerability for depression in adolescence with ADHD and inform targeted prevention and treatment models during this critical developmental juncture.

Cited by 17 publications

References 97 publications

Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Roles of Bullying Involvement, Frustration Intolerance, and Hostility

Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Roles of Bullying Involvement, Frustration Intolerance, and Hostility

Individualization of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment: pharmacotherapy considerations by age and co-occurring conditions

Associations Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms Mediated by Depressive Symptoms and Hopelessness Among College Students

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