Risk factors for detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in low-risk herds during the latter stages of Ireland’s eradication programme

Casey, Mícheál; Tratalos, Jamie A.; Graham, D. A.; Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria; Barrett, Damien; O’Grady, Luke; Madden, Jamie M.; McGrath, Guy; More, Simon J.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105607

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Commingling or introducing new cattle [ 36 , 37 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], purchasing cattle [ 38 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], and direct contact with neighboring farms [ 41 ] increased the risk of BVDV detection, likely due to increased potential for pathogen spread. The type and size of herd were also associated with prevalence of BVDV, with certain breeds [ 42 , 63 , 65 ], larger herds [ 43 , 52 , 58 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], and the presence of PI cattle in the pen [ 75 ] leading to higher prevalence. Again, this may reflect both the complex factors related to infection dynamics and the influence of detection methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle Populations Based on Detection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Werid,

Hemmatzadeh,

Miller

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Infectious diseases of cattle, including bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), pose a significant health threat to the global livestock industry. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant articles reporting the prevalence of and associated risk factors in studies published between 1 January 2000 and 3 February 2023. From a total of 5111 studies screened, 318 studies were included in the final analysis. BVDV prevalence in cattle populations was estimated using various detection methods. The analysis detected heterogeneity in prevalence, attributed to detection techniques and associated risk factors. Antibody detection methods exhibited a higher prevalence of 0.43, reflecting the cumulative effect of detecting both active and past infections. Antigen detection methods showed a prevalence of 0.05, which was lower than antibody methods. A prevalence of 0.08 was observed using nucleic acid detection methods. The health status of the examined cattle significantly influenced the prevalence of BVDV. Cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) exhibited higher antibody (prevalence of 0.67) and antigen (prevalence 0.23) levels compared to cattle with reproductive problems (prevalence 0.13) or diarrhea (prevalence 0.01). Nucleic acid detection methods demonstrated consistent rates across different health conditions. Age of cattle influenced prevalence, with higher rates in adults compared to calves. Risk factors related to breeding and reproduction, such as natural or extensive breeding and a history of abortion, were associated with increased prevalence. Coinfections with pathogens like bovine herpesvirus-1 or Neospora caninum were linked to higher BVDV prevalence. Management practices, such as commingling, introducing new cattle, and direct contact with neighboring farms, also influenced prevalence. Herd attributes, including larger herd size, and the presence of persistently infected cattle, were associated with higher prevalence. These findings indicated the importance of detection methods and risk factors in BVDV epidemiological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle Populations Based on Detection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Werid,

Hemmatzadeh,

Miller

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…The pathogenesis of BVDV-infected cattle is complex, with persistent infection and immunosuppression, making it hard to eradicate BVDV and causing serious economic losses to the dairy cattle industry when infections arise [4]. Due to the immune evasion ability of BVDV, the need for research on antiviral drugs has become imperative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NCP-BVDV strains are more frequently observed in nature and are usually isolated from cattle farms that show clinical manifestations of acute infection [3]. If cows are infected with NCP-BVDV in the first trimester of pregnancy, it will result in a large proportion of persistently infected (PI) cow births [4]. PI cattle are immune-tolerant to the strain of the virus with which they are infected, and they continue to excrete huge quantities of BVDV over their lifetime as a primary provider of virus for BVDV-free feedlots, causing economic losses to the farm [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity

Zhang

Yang

Wang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a highly contagious viral disease which causes economic losses to the cattle industry. Ethyl gallate (EG) is a phenolic acid derivative which has various potentials to modulate the host response to pathogens, such as via antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, inhibition of the production of cell adhesion factors, and so on. This study aimed to evaluate if EG influences BVDV infection in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, and to understand the antiviral mechanism. Data indicated that EG effectively inhibited BVDV infection by co-treatment and post-treatment in MDBK cells with noncytotoxic doses. In addition, EG suppressed BVDV infection at an early stage of the viral life cycle by blocking entry and replication steps but not viral attachment and release. Moreover, EG strongly inhibited BVDV infection by promoting interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) expression, which localized to the cytoplasm. The protein level of cathepsin B was significantly reduced by BVDV infection, whereas with treatment with EG, it was significantly enhanced. The fluorescence intensities of acridine orange (AO) staining were significantly decreased in BVDV-infected cells but increased in EG-treated cells. Finally, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that EG treatment significantly enhanced the protein levels of autophagy markers LC3 and p62. Chloroquine (CQ) significantly increased IFITM3 expression, and Rapamycin significantly decreased it. Thus, EG may regulate IFITM3 expression through autophagy. Our results showed that EG could have a solid antiviral activity on BVDV replication in MDBK cells via increased IFITM3 expression, lysosomal acidification, protease activity, and regulated autophagy. EG might have value for further development as an antiviral agent.

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“…A nivel mundial, se han detectado diferentes niveles de seroprevalencia de VDVB en poblaciones bovinas de varios continentes; por ejemplo, en Irlanda, en un programa de erradicación, que inició en 2013, se logró reducir la seropositividad de 11,27 %, en los rebaños de cría y el 0,78 %, de los terneros, examinados ese año, hasta 0,56 %, en los rebaños y 0,03 %, en los terneros, en 2020 (Casey et al 2022). En el continente africano, en el Noroeste de Etiopía, se hizo un estudio de seroprevalencia en hatos bovinos lecheros, encontrando un promedio de seropositividad de 26,84 % (Demil et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Determinación de la seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo de diarrea viral bovina en una población de la provincia de Pamplona

Mendoza-Ibarra,

Flórez-Gelvez

2024

Rev. U.D.C.A Act. & Div. Cient.

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La diarrea viral bovina (DVB) es una enfermedad endémica de distribución mundial, responsable de ocasionar trastornos reproductivos con gran impacto económico y sanitario. Las pruebas serológicas permiten estimar la difusión del virus en una población no vacunada. Con el objeto de determinar la prevalencia de DVB en la zona lechera de alta montaña de la provincia de Pamplona, se desarrolló un estudio sero epidemiológico transversal, utilizando la técnica de ELISA. Adicionalmente, aplicando un cuestionario, se identificaron factores de riesgo relacionados. Siguiendo los requerimientos de la ley 1774, como se expuso ante el comité de ética de la Universidad de Pamplona, se recolectaron un total de 324 muestras de sangre, a partir de bovinos no vacunados, procedentes de 82 predios. 49 muestras de 18 predios fueron positivas, indicando una prevalencia individual de 15,12 % y para predios del 21,95 %. Con el cuestionario se determinó que, en general, los predios tenían menos de 20 animales, no se llevan registros y se usa la monta natural, como principal sistema reproductivo. El contacto de hembras con toros de otras explotaciones constituyó un factor de riesgo. La prevalencia encontrada para la provincia está por debajo del promedio nacional. Se deben mejorar algunas condiciones de manejo que eviten factores de riesgo, para prevenir la diseminación de la enfermedad. Se recomienda determinar la presencia de animales persistentemente infectados, para su posterior remplazo, así como implementar registros sistemáticos en los predios y hacer pruebas en animales de nueva adquisición.

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Risk factors for detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in low-risk herds during the latter stages of Ireland’s eradication programme

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle Populations Based on Detection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle Populations Based on Detection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity

Determinación de la seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo de diarrea viral bovina en una población de la provincia de Pamplona

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