Risk factors for diseases of the genitourinary system as a permanent problem for public health

Abstract

Annotation. Risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, which include most pathologies of the genitourinary system, remain an unsolved public health problem. The aim of the study was to analyze of modern scientific research on risk factors for diseases of the genitourinary system and to determine approaches to their prevention. The method of retrospective analysis of scientific sources from MEDLINE and PubMed databases was used. It has been established that the multifactorial nature of risks and the complexity of their impact are characteristic of diseases of the genitourinary system. According to similar characteristics, various factors were combined into 10 groups: age, sex, genetic, geographical and climatic, individual conditions of the body, other non-infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance, behavioral, income level, chemical substances. It has been established that the age factor increases the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), chronic kidney disease (CKD), urolithiasis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PC), bladder cancer. Women are most likely to suffer from UTIs, and men are most likely to suffer from CKD, urolithiasis and bladder cancer. Heredity affects the incidence of UTIs, urolithiasis and PC, while geographic and climatic factors influence CKD, urolithiasis, PC and bladder cancer. Conditions after kidney transplantation, bladder catheterization, pregnancy, cystocele, anatomical anomalies contribute to the development of UTIs and CKD, as well as antibiotic resistance. Each of the pathologies of the genitourinary system has a certain risk of development against the background of diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, heart failure and under the conditions of implementation of unfavorable behavioral risk factors and a high level of income. Occupational exposure to chemicals contributes to the development of urolithiasis and bladder cancer. The obtained results are an informative component for substantiating preventive strategies for mitigating the impact of risk factors for diseases of the genitourinary system. Prospects for further research are the use of these results in the development of targeted state and regional prevention programs.