Risk Factors for Early Myocardial Infarction in South Asians

Rashid, Shahidur; Khandaker, Nadim Reza

doi:10.1001/jama.297.17.1880-b

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, alcohol consumption in South Asians is low compared to the other countries, and there is no difference in the prevalence of alcohol consumption between the ACS patients and the general public [20]. However, among Indians, it has been shown a signi cant association between alcohol consumption and ACS [20]. Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for the occurrence of early ACS, and patients with a combination of alcohol abuse and smoking had an even higher risk of developing very early ACS than those with the two individual risk factors alone [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In LMICs, studies on women show waist circumference have increased and may contribute to CVD increase [5]. South Asians show a higher rate of ACS at a younger age than those in other countries, very likely due to South Asians having more risk factors at ages < 60years when strati ed by age, including higher apolipoprotein B100 /apolipoprotein A-I ratio and higher waist to hip ratio [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women are now smoking nearly as much as men in many European countries, and girls often smoke more than boys [9]. However, while some studies were done among ACS patients state the prevalence of smoking in males is higher than females, other studies state that there is no statistically signi cant difference, or females having a higher prevalence of smoke than males depending on the sociodemographic conditions [9,11,[20][21][22][23]25]. According to our study, males showed a signi cantly higher prevalence of smoking than females, where 42.3% were ex-smokers, and 29.0% were currently smoking while non-the females were ex-smokers or current smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While moderate alcohol consumption (one or two drinks a day) reduces CVD risk, at high levels of intake, mainly when consumed in episodes of hefty consumption, the risk of CVD is increased [9]. However, alcohol consumption in South Asians is low compared to the other countries, and there is no difference in the prevalence of alcohol consumption between the ACS patients and the general public [20]. However, among Indians, it has been shown a signi cant association between alcohol consumption and ACS [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Sex on Navigating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in South Asia

Ralapanawa

Karunathilake

Bandara

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe cardiovascular risk profile and adverse events following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) differ between the Sex, indicating the importance of studying the sex differences in factors associated with ACS.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was performed among ACS patients presented to Teaching Hospital Peradeniya. An interviewer-administered prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect data, and analysis was done. ResultsA total of 789 patients were included, consisting of 40.4% females. The mean age of females (62.17±11.06) was higher than males (59.80±11.24) (p=0.004), and in females, the mean age for unstable angina (60.5±10.5) was lower than NSTEMI (63.8±12.5) (p=0.022) and STEMI (64.0±9.2) (p=0.026). The male-female composition for unstable angina (46.3% vs 53.7%) and STEMI (75.8% vs 24.2%) showed varied proportions. The mean BMI (24.95±4.40 kg m-3 vs 23.77±3.88 kg m-3) (p=0.008) and obesity (21.6% vs 13.8%) (p=0.048) was higher in females. Overweight (9.4% vs 8.8%) (p=0.048) and the waist-hip ratio (0.98±0.07 vs 0.94±0.10) (p=0.006) was higher in males. Family history of hypertension was higher in females (24.1% vs 17.0%) (p=0.014). Most of the females were co-morbid with diabetes (37.9%) (p=0.008), hypertension (59.8%) (p<0.001) and dyslipidaemia (40.3%) (p<0.001) than males. The prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake was significantly higher in males (p<0.001). The predominant symptom was chest pain (93.4%), regardless of Sex. Right chest pain was primarily present in females (8.0% vs 3.6%) (p=048), and radiation of pain to the right arm mainly occurred in males (18.2% vs 7.5%) (p=0.007). Vomiting and dyspnoea was higher in females (47.7% vs 38.4%, p=0.049 and 53.1% vs 43.2%, p=0.039). The delay in presentation to the hospital was more in females (6:04±6:02) than males (3:55±4:22) with STEMI. The commonest reason for the delay was not suspecting an ACS, and a three-wheeler was the primary mode of transport in both sexes without any sex difference. Only 7.0% was delayed due to the unavailability of a transport facility.ConclusionFemale and male patients with ACS show differences in the age of onset, the spectrum of ACS, comorbidities, anthropometric measurements, risk factors like smoking and alcohol intake, clinical presentation aspects and delay in presentation to the hospital.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Sex on Navigating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in South Asia

Ralapanawa

Karunathilake

Bandara

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…CVD has turned out to be the leading cause of mortality in India (Srinath Reddy et al 2005 ). In comparison to the European population where only 23% of the mortality due to CVD occurs before the age of 70 years, in the Indian population, nearly 52% of the mortality cases due to CVD occur before the age of 70 years (Rashid and Khandaker 2007 ). The past 20 years have witnessed a significant epidemiological transition in India with non-communicable diseases becoming more prevalent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of road traffic noise exposure and prevalence of coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study in North India

Gilani

Mir

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Epidemiological studies have established that noise from transportation sources exceeding the safe limits elevates the risk for cardiovascular diseases. The results however have remained heterogeneous. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between road traffic noise exposure and prevalence of coronary artery disease besides sub-group analysis was performed for identifying the most susceptible population. Traffic noise exposure was measured using the L den metric in both continuous and categorical forms. A cross-sectional study was performed and information about sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors was collected. Noise level < 60 dB(A) representing the quiet areas was used as the reference group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to estimate the odds for self-reported coronary artery disease concerning road traffic noise after adjusting for confounding variables. The residents living in noisy areas were found to have a 2.25 times higher risk per 5 dB(A) increment in the noise levels (95% CI = 1.38 to 3.67). Males were at a higher risk of CAD (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.84 to 3.72) as compared to females (OR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.37-3.13). The subgroup analysis revealed that being sensitive to noise, belonging to a higher age group, reporting higher stress levels, and poor sleep quality were associated with higher risk. The study also provides evidence that exposure to noise levels greater than 60 dB(A) is associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease in adults.

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Dyslipidemia as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women: An observational study

Acharyya

Som²,

Seth³

2023

MGMJ

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Objective: This study has evaluated risk factors, especially dyslipidemia, for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based, observational, single-center study among 100 postmenopausal women admitted to the medicine ward with AMI. They were categorized based on lipid profile groups, viz., dyslipidemic group and non-dyslipidemic group. All clinical parameters were studied between the groups. Results: Among anthropometric profiles, in the comparison of mean height (cm), weight (kg), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), and waist circumference (WC) (cm) for the dyslipidemic group and non-dyslipidemic group, only WC was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Most patients were hospitalized between 6 and 12 h after the onset of symptoms. At the time of hospitalization, most patients from both groups were observed to have diabetes and hypertension with poor control of postprandial blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P < 0.05). The dyslipidemic group’s mean C-reactive protein was higher (P < 0.05). The comparison of mean total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in mg/dL, and TG: high density lipoprotein was significantly increased (P < 0.001), while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dL) was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in the dyslipidemic group. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is standard in both groups. The maximum patient has regional wall motion abnormality in echocardiography after day 3 of admission. Among the dyslipidemic group, ejection fraction was on the lower side, and the predominant complication was in the left ventricular failure (LVF) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: WC has a positive association with patients with AMI who have dyslipidemia and can be used as an indicator of the risk of AMI when BMI is normal. WC is a surrogate marker of abdominal fat mass (subcutaneous and intra-abdominal); increased WC is a significant component marker of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance related to cardiovascular mortality. There was poor glycemic control and blood pressure (mainly DBP) among the dyslipidemic patients. Hypertriglyceridemia is the most common lipid abnormality, followed by hypercholesterolemia among the dyslipidemic group. LVF is the most common complication in dyslipidemic patients.

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Risk Factors for Early Myocardial Infarction in South Asians

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

The Influence of Sex on Navigating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in South Asia

The Influence of Sex on Navigating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in South Asia

Association of road traffic noise exposure and prevalence of coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study in North India

Dyslipidemia as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women: An observational study

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