Risk Factors for Eating Disorders and Perception of Body in Young Adults Associated with Sex

Purkiewicz, Aleksandra; Kamelska-Sadowska, Anna M.; Ciborska, Joanna; Mikulska, Julia; Pietrzak-Fiećko, Renata

doi:10.3390/nu13082819

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In this study, 484 participants (44.3%) achieved ESP instrument scores of 2 or higher. This rate is significantly higher than that reported in the USA by Fruehwirth et al (2023) (24%) but lower than that reported by Purkiewicz et al (2021) (69%) [79,80]. The variation in the results may be related to the fact that the current study encompassed a wider age range and included more participants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females?

Al-Bisher,

Al-Otaibi

2024

Nutrients

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Background: Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) offer broad recommendations based on scientific evidence, focusing on food groups rather than nutrients that should be included in the diet. Emerging adulthood (18–30 years) is a critical period for poor dietary quality and mental health. Eating habits (EHs) are formed early in life and are influenced by various factors, such as emotional state, which can lead to either binge or restricted eating, ultimately increasing the risk of eating disorders (EDs). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the extent of adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines (SHPDGs) and its potential association with Eating Concerns (ECs) among Saudi females (aged 18–30 years) from all provinces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A validated online questionnaire was used to assess eating behaviors (EBs) using the Starting The Conversation (STC) instrument and EC symptoms using the Eating Disorders Screen for Primary Care (ESP) screening tool. Results: The total sample size was 1092 participants with a mean age of 23.02 ± 3.47. Only 0.7% of the participants adhered to the SHPDGs and were free of EC symptoms. Conversely, 50.4% of participants who exhibited EC symptoms had poor adherence to the SHPDGs. Across Saudi Arabian provinces, high adherence to the SHPDGs was more prominent in both the Eastern and Western provinces (37.5%) than in the Central and Southern provinces (0%). The most striking result was that the Central province exhibited a high percentage of poor adherence to the SHPDGs (25.6%). Moreover, high adherence to SHPDGs was not associated with the probability of ECs. Conclusions: The present study revealed a trend of poor adherence to SHPDGs among Saudi females, with a large proportion also experiencing EC symptoms. Accordingly, the authors recommend increasing awareness within the Saudi community about SHPDGs using educational campaigns on social media platforms to enhance the importance of adopting a healthy diet, especially among females, and demonstrate that the impact on their health and well-being is that they are experiencing multiple phases that involve pregnancy and giving birth involves specific nutritional requirements.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females?

Al-Bisher,

Al-Otaibi

2024

Nutrients

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“…Numerous studies have already pointed out the importance of the use of new technologies in the appearance and maintenance of EDs [ 50 , 51 ]. On the other hand, exposure to the media seems to precede the emergence of eating disorders, since ideas, models, and innumerable products and services that do not reproduce common women or men, nor represent a healthy body weight are disseminated on TV [ 52 ]. In a longitudinal study carried out a few years ago, it was found that a longer time of exposure to television programs predicted the internalization of the ideals of appearance and thinness one year later [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Factors in Adolescence and Risk of Development of Eating Disorders

et al. 2022

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Background: current findings in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders (ED) do not allow the formulation of a unique causal model. Currently, the main hypotheses about the etiopathogenesis are based on a multifactorial approach, considering both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and behavioral factors, as well as self-esteem, in students of the first cycle of middle school and the probability of belonging to the risk group of eating disorders (ED) measured through the EAT-26 scale. Methods: The study target population consists of students of the first cycle of middle school. The instruments applied to the population consisted in: (1) a survey of sociodemographic data and behavioral variables; (2) Rosenberg’s self-esteem test; and (3) EAT Test (Eating Attitudes Test 26). Results: Of a total of 656 students belonging to eight educational centers in Madrid who were offered to participate in the study, 88.6% (n = 579) answered the whole questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 13.7 years old. Of the participating adolescents, 57.3% were male and the remaining 42.7% (n = 260) were female. A significant relationship was observed between self-esteem and belonging to an ED risk group, with an OR = 0.910 (CI 95% 0.878–0.943). Hence, each one-point increase on the self-esteem dimension decreased the risk of belonging to an ED risk group by 9.5%. In the variables considered in the area of dysfunctional feeding patterns, the variables ‘number of meals’ (p < 0.01), ‘dieting’ (p < 0.01), and ‘drug consumption to lose weight’ (p < 0.01) were found to be related to the risk of belonging to the ED group. Conclusions: The results obtained in our research can help to establish explanatory models that include the understanding of the interaction of the different factors that influence the appearance and development of EDs. Therefore, these should be taken into consideration when developing ED preventive programs.

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“…In our scale, we developed the dimension “health condition and eating habits”, which included two items: “Suffer from diarrhea, constipation and/or chronic gastric diseases” and “High study pressure, fast and irregular eating habits”. The unhealthy state of digestive system, eating disorders, and unhealthy eating habits reduce digestion and absorption of nutrients and lead to micronutrient deficiency and malnutrition[52-57]. In summary, the results indicate that the HHAS-HSS presents good reliability and validity among high school students in Anhui Province, China, and is a new and effective tool for assessing the risk of hidden hunger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of the hidden hunger assessment scale for Chinese high school students

Zhang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Hidden hunger, also known as insufficient micronutrient intake, is still a severe public health problem, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide. High school students are in an important stage of growth and development. Due to huge academic stress, high school students often lack nutrition knowledge and have unhealthy eating habits, suggesting a higher risk for hidden hunger. However, information on the hidden hunger risk of high school students is limited, and tools for assessing hidden hunger are inadequate. Objectives: To revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students (HHAS-HSS) in China and assess its reliability and validity. Methods: Based on the literature review, expert consultation, pre-experiment, and formal survey, a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students. The formal survey involved 9,336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province, China, from 1 September 2020 to 31 December 2020, and 9,038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis. The item analysis, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined. Results: The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items: vegetables and food diversity (3 items), fruits and dairy products (3 items), micronutrient-dense foods (4 items), and health condition and eating habits (2 items). The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758, a split-half reliability of 0.829, and a test-retest reliability of 0.793, indicating good internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS (KMO=0.820, P<0.001). Using the maximum variance rotation method, 4 factors were obtained, and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale has reached an acceptable level. Conclusions: The HHAS-HSS is an effective and convenient tool for the assessment of hidden hunger with good reliability and validity.

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Risk Factors for Eating Disorders and Perception of Body in Young Adults Associated with Sex

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females?

Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females?

Psychosocial Factors in Adolescence and Risk of Development of Eating Disorders

Reliability and validity of the hidden hunger assessment scale for Chinese high school students

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