Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending a tertiary healthcare facility in Accra, Ghana

Asah‐Opoku, Kwaku; Oppong, Samuel A.; Ameme, Donne Kofi; Nuamah, Mercy A.; Mumuni, Kareem; Yeboah, Alexander O.; Ndanu, Thomas Akuetteh; Nkyekyer, Kobinah

doi:10.1002/ijgo.12928

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The incidence of EP in relation to intrauterine pregnancy in the present study is 4.6 in 100. It is higher than most other studies in developing countries, where it ranges from 0.56-1.5% [7,8] . The incidence of EP in India had been reported by the Indian council of medical research (ICMR 1990) in a multi-centric case-control study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Clinical profile and risk factors of ectopic pregnancy: A Prospective study from a tertiary care center in Kerala

Anaswara¹,

Jacob²

2021

Int. J. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.

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Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition that every obstetrician and gynecologist encounter during their clinical practice. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to prevent mortality in women. The study aims to determine the clinical profile and risk factors of ectopic pregnancy. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in 60 diagnosed cases of EP during a study period of one and half year. All diagnosed EP cases during the study period were included and all intrauterine pregnancies excluded. Clinical characteristics and medical management of patients obtained through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics used for data analysis. Results: The incidence of EP in relation to intrauterine pregnancy in the present study is 4.6 in 100. Abdominal pain was the most significant symptom in 63.3% of patients. Risk factors (one or more) observed in 80% of the study population. Majority had history of infertility (30%), history of contraceptive use in 20%, history of abortion (25%), previous D&C in 15% and sterilization in 15%. 58.3% of the cases were ruptured. Ectopic pregnancy was medically managed in 17 cases (28.3%) and surgically managed in 43 cases (71.7%). Conclusion:Every physician attending a woman in the reproductive age group presenting with abdominal pain should have a high index of clinical suspicion of EP unless proved otherwise irrespective of the presence or absence of amenorrhea or whether sterilized or not. An EPAU setup, similar to the one in UK, is the need of hour in Kerala as the diagnosis of EP can be picked up at an early stage and timely managed to reduce mortality in women.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Clinical profile and risk factors of ectopic pregnancy: A Prospective study from a tertiary care center in Kerala

Anaswara¹,

Jacob²

2021

Int. J. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.

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“…We speculate that married couples are more likely to report earlier when they experience pregnancy symptoms and thus allow an earlier diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy when it is unruptured, which is then managed medically or surgically. Asah-Opoku et al, in an earlier study, demonstrated a higher ectopic pregnancy risk amongst single women [ 36 ]. Possible explanations were that, unlike married women who generally have a more stable intimate relationship, single women are more likely to have multiple sexual partners with the attendant risk of developing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: A 10-Year Review at a District Hospital in Ghana

Sefogah

Oduro

Swarray‐Deen

et al. 2022

Obstetrics and Gynecology International

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Background. Approximately 1–2% of all pregnancies are ectopic. Despite a decline in ectopic pregnancy-related mortality, there is still a paucity of information on the factors associated with clinical presentation and outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa which is essential in determining the most appropriate treatment modalities. Methods. We performed a ten-year retrospective chart review of cases of ectopic pregnancies managed at the Lekma hospital and assessed them for peculiar risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes. Associations between patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment outcome were evaluated using multiple logistic regression and reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR). The confidence interval (CI) was set at 95%, and a p value <0.05 were considered significant. Results. Over the ten-year period, there were 115 ectopic pregnancies and 14,450 deliveries (7.9/1,000). The mean age ± standard deviation of the 115 patients was 27.61 ± 5.56. More than half of the patients were single (59/115, 51.3%). The majority (71.3%) of the patients presented with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of an ectopic pregnancy presenting as ruptured among single patients was 2.63 times higher than that of married patients (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.33–9.93, p = 0.01 ). Ectopic pregnancies located in the isthmic region of the tube had a 77% lower odds of presenting as ruptured than those located in the ampullary region (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07–0.74, p = 0.01 ). The odds of rupturing were 1.69 times increased for every additional week after the missed period (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.56–4.64, p < 0.01 ). No mortalities were reported as a result of an ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion. Most of the cases of ectopic pregnancy presented ruptured. Marital status and period of amenorrhoea were significantly associated with rupture.

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“…The available statistics show that the prevalence of STDs in newly married women has increased substantially, 29 and along with increased STDs in women, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies rates have also increased. 30 In this regard, only 36% of our participants believed that the best way to prevent STDs is to delay sexual activity until marriage, while the majority of them were agreed about teaching contraceptives and STDs to single young population. Simbar et al 12 showed that 8% of Iranian students had started sexual relationship before marriage; the results indicated that reproductive health programs promoting abstinence as the only strategy cannot be always effective, and these programs should have other health messages for those who are sexually active.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Student Attitudes About Reproductive Health in Public Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study

Kashefi

Bakhtiari

Pasha

et al. 2020

Int Q Community Health Educ

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Background Determine attitude of young people to reproductive health issues can somewhat predict their behavior in this area. This helps us in planning future on reproductive health. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of reproductive health and related factors among Iranian students in public universities in Iran. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out. The tool was developed based on a literature review to find out about reproductive health attitudes and sociodemographic factors associated. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was performed using expert judgment. Cronbach’s coefficient and test–retest were used to determine the reliability. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software by independent t test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results Out of 461 respondents, the majority of students were nonmedical sciences (81.1%). The main sources of information for reproductive health awareness were the media (40%); 54.9% disagreed with having premarital sex in both sexes, while only 36% agreed to postpone sexual activity until marriage in order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Moreover, 64% believed that contraception would cause infertility in the future. The majority found the need for reproductive health services and education essential for single youth. Multiple regression showed a poor reproductive health attitude in nonmedical students, families who did not talk about boy–girl relationships, as well as in satellite users and hookah consumers. Conclusion The students’ level of attitude on reproductive health was not satisfactory. Intervention programs related to reproductive health taking into account the cultural aspects of Iranian society can protect young people from risky behaviors and unwanted pregnancies by creating a positive attitude.

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Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending a tertiary healthcare facility in Accra, Ghana

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Clinical profile and risk factors of ectopic pregnancy: A Prospective study from a tertiary care center in Kerala

Clinical profile and risk factors of ectopic pregnancy: A Prospective study from a tertiary care center in Kerala

Factors Associated with Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: A 10-Year Review at a District Hospital in Ghana

Student Attitudes About Reproductive Health in Public Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study

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