Risk Factors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection in an Urban Community

Bryant, Heather; Athar, M.A.; Pai, Chik Hyun

doi:10.1093/infdis/160.5.858

Cited by 46 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Young children and elderly patients seem to be at special risk and are affected predominantly. Risk factors for sporadic E. coli O157:H7 infection have been evaluated in epidemiological studies [56][57][58]. In most studies dietary risk factors, such as consumption of foods of bovine origin, particulary unpasteurized milk and undercooked ground beef, have been emphasized.…”

Section: Ehec Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections: following transmission routes

Verweyen

Karch

Brandis

et al. 2000

Pediatric Nephrology

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Infections with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are the major cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), the most-common cause of acute renal failure in childhood. The mortality rate of HUS (0%-5% in most recent series and 10%-30% in individual reports) and residual chronic renal sequelae (in up to 50% of patients in long-term follow-up studies) emphasize the seriousness of HUS for public health. Several studies have described possible sources of EHEC infection. However, in the majority of cases the pathogen cannot be identified in food or animals and the routes of transmission remain unclear. In this review article the hypothesized routes of transmission are summarized. The medical data bases "Medline" and "Current contents" were screened for the years January 1966 through November 1998. The difficulties in following the chain of EHEC infection are discussed. A precise evaluation of the environmental aspects of the patient is a precondition for further analysis.

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Section: Ehec Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections: following transmission routes

Verweyen

Karch

Brandis

et al. 2000

Pediatric Nephrology

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“…Sixteen (52%) of 31 VT' E. coli 0157 were phage type 2; these included five strains isolated in early April from an outbreak of infection in a residential home for the elderly (Dr L. Jewes, personal communication) and three strains, which together with two strains of phage type 8, were isolated in May-June and may have been associated with [10,17,18]. Studies of sporadic cases, or less well delineated outbreaks in N. America have often suspected food of bovine origin as a vehicle of infection, but have been unable to confirm this epidemiologically or microbiologically [3,[19][20][21]. However, the seasonal incidence of infection, and epidemiological evidence from N. America, support the hypothesis that VT+ E. coli 0157 infection is a foodborne zoonosis.…”

Section: Characterization Of Isolates Of E Coli 0157 Human Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle as a possible source of verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 infections in man

Chapman¹,

Siddons²,

Wright³

et al. 1993

Epidemiol. Infect.

355

217

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SUMMARYIn May-June 1992 cases of infection with verocytotoxin-producing (VT+) Escherichia coli 0157 in South Yorkshire could have been associated with prior consumption of beef from a local abattoir. During investigation of the abattoir, bovine rectal swabs and samples of meat and surface swabs from beef carcasses were examined for E. coli 0157, isolates of which were tested for toxigenicity, plasmid content and phage type. E. coli 0157 was isolated from 84 (4%) of 2103 bovine rectal swabs; of these 84, 78 (93%) were VT', the most common phage types being 2 and 8, the types implicated in the cluster of human cases. Positive cattle were from diverse sources within England. E. coli 0157 was isolated from 7 (30%) of 23 carcasses of rectal swab-positive cattle and from 2 (8%) of 25 carcasses of rectal swab-negative cattle. The study has shown that cattle may be a reservoir of VT+ E. coli 0157, and that contamination of carcasses during slaughter and processing may be how beef and beef products become contaminated and thereby transmit the organism to man.

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“…45,46 Consumption of raw or undercooked ground beef and unpasteurized milk can cause E. coli O157:H7 infection. [9][10][11]13,45,47 Water and other food products contaminated by cattle feces are ad- ditional vectors of infection. 8,12,16,28,48 Person-to-person transmission has repeatedly been reported.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemolytic Uremic Syndromes in Childhood

Gordjani

Sutor²,

Zimmerhackl³

et al. 1997

Semin Thromb Hemost

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The hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) comprises hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia. It is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in childhood. Ninety percent of the patients have a diarrheal prodrome, and are referred to as having typical HUS. Approximately 10% exhibit the so-called atypical HUS. Typical HUS is caused by shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli. The toxin, bound to the globotriosyl ceramide cell receptor and internalized, interferes with protein synthesis, predominantly of endothelial cells. The main target is the kidney, but nearly every organ system can be involved. The most common extrarenal involvement is damage to the central nervous system. The central event is probably an insult to the endothelial cell with consecutive loss of antithrombogenic properties. The von Willebrand factor, activation of platelets via platelet-activating factor, other growth factors (e.g., interleukins 1, 6, 8), nitric oxide, lipopolysaccharides, activated polymorphonucleated neutrophils, and the metabolites of the arachidonic acid cascade (e.g., prostaglandin I2) are believed to be involved in the pathogenic cascade. Controlled therapeutic trials with heparin, dipyridamole, aspirin, and urokinase have not been associated with improved outcome. Antibiotics have not yielded any benefit. Plasma infusions and plasma exchange appear to be efficacious, and are justified in cases of atypical HUS and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Binding of the toxin to the intestinal lumen, and thereby inhibition of enteral reabsorption, is under investigation.

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Risk Factors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection in an Urban Community

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections: following transmission routes

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections: following transmission routes

Cattle as a possible source of verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 infections in man

Hemolytic Uremic Syndromes in Childhood

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