Risk factors for first-time acute myocardial infarction patients in Trinidad

Abstract

BackgroundThe relative importance of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk varies globally. The aim of this study was to determine CAD risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among patients in public health care institutions in Trinidad using a case–control type study design.MethodsThe sample comprised 251 AMI patients hospitalized between March 1, 2011 and April 30, 2012 and 464 age- and sex-matched non-AMI patients with no terminal or life-threatening illness and who did not undergo treatment for CAD. SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis that included chi-square tests, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and conditional multiple binary logistic regression.ResultsThere was no difference in age between AMI and non-AMI patients (p = 0.551). Chi-square test revealed that clinical and lifestyle variables including stressful life, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), a family history of IHD (p ≤ 0.001), smoking (p = 0.007) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.013) were associated with AMI; sex (p = 0.441), ethnicity (p = 0.366), age group (p = 0.826) and renal failure (p = 0.487) were not.Both unadjusted and adjusted (for age) ORs showed that the odds of hypertension, IHD and alcohol consumption were greater among AMI patients than among non-AMI patients for males; diabetes and IHD for females; and that the odds of a stressful life was greater among non-AMI patients and were the same for both groups with respect to sex, age > 45 years, hypercholesterolemia, renal insufficiency, and family history of IHD.Conditional multiple logistic regression showed that smoking [OR: 0.274, p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI for OR (0.140, 0.537)], a stressful life [OR: 2.697, p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI for OR (1.585, 4.587)], diabetes [OR: 0.530, p = 0.020, 95% CI for OR (0.310, 0.905)], hypertension [OR: 0.48, p = 0.10. 95% CI for OR (0.275, 0.837)] and IHD [OR: 0.111, p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI for OR (0.057, 0.218)] were the only useful AMI predictors.ConclusionsSmoking, diabetes, hypertension, IHD and decrease stress are useful AMI predictors.

Identify Common Risk Factor and Clinical Presentation of Myocardial Infarction Among Male and Female Adults in Saudi Arabia

“…The most common risk factors were age above 45 years, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking. These traditional risk factors for MI affected more than one-third of the surveyed patients, a finding similar to what has been shown by Framingham Heart study (17) the INTERHEART study (18), and several previous studies (19)(20)(21). The study identified that 6.8% to 22.3% of the subjects represented a high risk group, who had three of more risk factors for MI.…”

“…While age is a well-known risk factor for MI, we found a considerable proportion of young adults (<45 years) suffering from MI. Previous research has pointed to the increasing incidence of MI among people younger than 45 years (20). These findings are concerning, as having MI at such age can have negative impact on social, psychological (22), and productivity of the patients (23), in addition to the quality of life of patients and their relatives (24) and related economic consequences (25).…”

Increased high sensitive C-reactive protein is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events after STEMI

“…Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been established to represent a consequence of atherosclerosis, with preventable and non-preventable risk factors that have been identified to lead to the onset of acute myocardial infarction (1,2). Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process in the middle arterial intima for which the Creactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase protein secreted during the inflammatory stimulus, has been shown to be an independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) (3).…”

MicroRNA-154 Targets the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Following Injury to Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Hydrogen Peroxide

“…The common cardiovascular diseases that seriously affect human health include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic heart failure, which may result from dysfunction of normal endothelial cell homeostasis [1]. Endothelial cell dysfunction has been shown to be the basis of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease [2].…”