Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in northern Thailand

Thaikruea, Lakkana; Thongsawat, Satawat; Maneekarn, Niwat; Netski, Dale; Thomas, David L.; Nelson, Kenrad E.

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04073.x

Cited by 40 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Some studies have been conducted recently on the worldwide population. (18,19) For example, a study to determine the epidemiology of HCV in 2014 showed that the prevalence of HCV-Ab is 2% for adults and 1.6% for all ages all over the world. The prevalence of viremia is 1.4% in adults and 1.1% in all ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Infection (HCV) in Birjand, Iran, 2014

et al. 2016

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Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important global concern, with a frequency of 3% (i.e., 170 million of the population has HCV-Ab). Additionally, 50% of HCV and 80% of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) are chronic. In 20% of cases, HCV occurs as an acute infection, and in the remaining 80% of cases, it becomes chronic. In chronic patients, risk of cirrhosis is up to 44%, risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is 13%, and risk of mortality is 14%. As there is no vaccine available for the virus yet, and since most of the cases are asymptomatic, attention to the epidemiology of the disease among the population is a pressing concern. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HCV in Birjand city. Patients and Methods:In this descriptive-analytical study, 5,235 people who live in Birjand city were selected; after gaining permission for the study, a signed consent form was obtained from each patient. Prevalence of HCV was determined by ELISA test, and positive cases underwent Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping for confirmation. Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.7 ± 14.4. Among them, 52.2% were female and 29.9% had university degrees. Prevalence of HCV-Ab + was about 0.2% with ELISA, and 0.14% of entire group were confirmed by PCR. No significant relationship was found for age, sex, and education (P > 0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship found with risk factors such as endoscopy, blood transfusion, surgery, hospitalization, phlebotomy, and alcohol drinking (P > 0.05). HCV-Ab was 200 times more prevalent in IV-drug abusers compared to nonaddicted people. Also, the prevalence of HCV-Ab in non-IV-drug abuser addicts was 9.3 times higher than in non-addict patients. Prevalence of HCV-Ab in patients who reported illicit sexual activities was 13.3 times higher. In patients with a familial history of HCV, infection was 26.3 times more prevalent than in patients with no familial history (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of HCV was 0.2%, which is lower than the mean prevalence in Iran (1%). Prevalence of HCV had a significant relationship with IV-drug abuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Infection (HCV) in Birjand, Iran, 2014

et al. 2016

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“…HCV genotype 6 viruses mainly circulate in South East Asia (SEA), including Vietnam (Tokita et al, 1994), Indonesia (Tokita et al, 1996), Thailand (Chinchai et al, 2003;Thaikruea et al, 2004), Cambodia (Caruana et al, 2005) and Myanmar (Shinji et al, 2004). Currently, genotype 6 viruses are classified into 17 subtypes (6a-6q) based on complete genome analysis (Lu et al, 2006(Lu et al, , 2007aTokita et al, 1996Tokita et al, , 1998.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete genome analysis of hepatitis C virus subtypes 6t and 6u

Noppornpanth

Poovorawan

Lien

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes exhibit high nucleotide sequence diversity. In this study, we performed complete genome sequence analysis of 11 HCV genotype 6 samples from Vietnam and Thailand. We identified nine HCV complete genomes belonging to subtypes 6a (D9), 6e (D42 and D88), 6f (TH52), 6i (TH24), 6l (D33), 6n (TH22 and TH31) and 6o (D85). Phylogenetic analysis of the core/E1 and NS5B regions from unclassified genotype 6 isolates from Asian immigrants in Canada revealed that two other viruses (D49 and D83) could be classified as novel candidates of HCV subtypes 6t and 6u.

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“…Examples supporting this are that among four commercial blood donors from Hanoi (VN004, VN085, VN235, and VN405) found to be infected with HCV, three individual subtypes (6d, 6k, and 6h) were discovered [Tokita et al, 1994]. In addition, among 26 blood donors positive for HCV genotype 6 from Chiang Mai, Thailand, a total of six subtypes (6b, 6f, 6i, 6j, 6m, and 6n) was identified [Thaikruea et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, except for seven subtypes (6a, 6b, 6d, 6g, 6h, 6k, and 6n), the other ten subtypes still lack the complete genomic sequences [Simmonds et al, 2005;Lu et al, 2006]. Epidemiologically, genotype 6 variants were exclusively identified in Southeastern Asia or immigrants from this geographic region [Mellor et al, 1995Stuyver et al, 1995;Bernier et al, 1996;Doi et al, 1996;Theamboonlers et al, 2002;Shinji et al, 2004;Thaikruea et al, 2004;Apichartpiyakul et al, 1994]. In one of our recent studies, two related variants, HK6554 and GX004, were also discovered in samples from Hong Kong and the Guangxi province in southern China from patients with injection drug use and coinfection with HIV-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Complete genomic sequences for hepatitis C virus subtypes 6e and 6g isolated from Chinese patients with injection drug use and HIV-1 co-infection

Lü

et al. 2006

J. Med. Virol.

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In one of our recent studies, two HCV genotype 6 variants were identified in patients from Hong Kong and Guangxi in southern China, with injection drug use and HIV-1 co-infection. We report the complete genomic sequences for these two variants: GX004 and HK6554. Their entire genome lengths were 9,468 and 9,462 nt; the 5' UTRs were 338 nt followed by single ORFs of 9,069 nt; the 3' UTRs were 61 and 55 nt including 29 and 23 nt poly(U) tracks. Phylogenetic analysis using a maximum likelihood method showed that HK6554 was classified into subtype 6g and GX004 represented the first complete genome sequence for subtype 6e. Further analysis with reference sequences in three different genomic regions revealed that GX004 closely clustered with a group of subtype 6e variants, which were previously exclusively found in Vietnam and recently increasingly identified in injection drug users from the Guangxi province in southern China that borders Vietnam. This suggests that subtype 6e could become epidemic in southern China by network transmission among injection drug users.

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Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in northern Thailand

Abstract: Our data indicate that illicit IDU and a history of transfusion are important risk factors for HCV infection in Thailand. Also, our data suggest there may be some risk of transmission by sex or other close contact between spouses.

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Infection (HCV) in Birjand, Iran, 2014

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Infection (HCV) in Birjand, Iran, 2014

Complete genome analysis of hepatitis C virus subtypes 6t and 6u

Complete genomic sequences for hepatitis C virus subtypes 6e and 6g isolated from Chinese patients with injection drug use and HIV-1 co-infection

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