Risk Factors for Incident Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Trial

Althouse, Andrew D.; Abbott, J. Dawn; Forker, Alan D.; Bertolet, Marnie; Barinas‐Mitchell, Emma; Thurston, Rebecca C.; Mulukutla, Suresh; Aboyans, Victor; Brooks, Maria M.

doi:10.2337/dc13-2303

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…19 However, one study in subjects aged >65 years reported a significant association between the homeostasis model assessment and 49 Studies conducted in patients with diabetes mellitus have shown that duration of diabetes mellitus, level of glycemic control assessed by glycated-hemoglobin, and use of insulin are associated with PAD. [50][51][52][53] Outcomes of PAD in diabetic patients have been shown to be worse. In one study, diabetic patients with PAD were 5× more likely to have an amputation than other patients with PAD; they also had >3× the odds of mortality.…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Criqui

Aboyans

2015

Circulation Research

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1,374

961

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New data on the epidemiology of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are available, and they should be integrated with previous data. We provide an updated, integrated overview of the epidemiology of PAD, a focused literature review was conducted on the epidemiology of PAD. The PAD results were grouped into symptoms, diagnosis, prevalence, and incidence both in the United States and globally, risk factors, progression, coprevalence with other atherosclerotic disease, and association with incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The most common symptom of PAD is intermittent claudication, but noninvasive measures, such as the anklebrachial index, show that asymptomatic PAD is several times more common in the population than intermittent claudication. PAD prevalence and incidence are both sharply age-related, rising >10% among patients in their 60s and 70s. With aging of the global population, it seems likely that PAD will be increasingly common in the future. Prevalence seems to be higher among men than women for more severe or symptomatic disease. The major risk factors for PAD are similar to those for coronary and cerebrovascular disease, with some differences in the relative importance of factors. Smoking is a particularly strong risk factor for PAD, as is diabetes mellitus, and several newer risk markers have shown independent associations with PAD. PAD is strongly associated with concomitant coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. After adjustment for known cardiovascular disease risk factors, PAD is associated with an increased risk of incident coronary and cerebrovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Criqui

Aboyans

2015

Circulation Research

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1,374

961

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“…In DM, smoking accounts for more than half of the risks contributing to the development of peripheral artery disease and DFD. 42,43,44 Participants had a fair level of awareness about the effect of smoking on the reduction of blood flow to the lower limbs. Generally, knowledge influences behaviour, which may be one of the reasons why a large proportion of participants were non-smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of diabetic foot disease amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the chronic outpatients department at a regional hospital in Durban, South Africa

Goie

Naidoo

2016

Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med.

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BackgroundDiabetic foot disease (DFD) is a major challenge for the healthcare system, with enormous economic consequences for people living with diabetes, their families, and society, affecting both quality of life and quality of care. The study aim was to assess the level of awareness of DFD amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsAn observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the chronic outpatients department of a regional hospital in Durban, South Africa.ResultsTwo hundred participants with T2DM participated in the study. Ninety-one per cent of participants were either overweight or obese. Ninety-two per cent of participants had concomitant hypertension (57.5%), dyslipidaemia (26.7%) and eye disease (7.2%). Seventy-six per cent reported altered sensation in their lower limbs, and 90% reported having no previous DFD education. Only 22.2% of participants reported having examined their feet, but only when they experienced a problem. Participants achieved mediocre scores for knowledge (mean 4.45, standard deviation (s.d.) 2.201, confidence interval (CI) 4.2–4.7) and practice (mean 11.09, s.d. 2.233, CI 10.8–11.5) on diabetic foot care (DFC). Those who had a higher level of education and who were less than 65 years old had a significantly better score for previous foot care education (p <0.05).ConclusionThe study demonstrated that awareness of DFD was suboptimal, based on current DFC guidelines. To minimise the burden of DFD, improved screening and prevention programmes as well as patient education should be provided to T2DM patients, whilst maintaining an aggressive approach to risk factor modifications, footwear and identifying the at-risk foot.

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“…[34,35] The possible reasons could be that the vast majority of patients assessed here were hospitalized for severely poor glycemic control, and FPG levels at admission might differ from the values obtained in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Gao

He²,

Zhu³

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Early detection and treatment of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD), and controlling its risk factors are critical in preventing amputation and death in diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with LEAD in Chinese diabetic patients.In this case-control study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (N = 1289) were divided into 2 groups according to the ultrasonic Doppler examination: with (LEAD+, n = 737) and without (LEAD−, n = 552) LEAD. In subgroup analysis, the LEAD+ group was divided based on the diameter of lower-extremity arteries: LEAD+A (1%–49% reduction) and LEAD+B (≥50% reduction). Clinical and demographic data of patients were analyzed.Compared with the LEAD− group, serum creatinine levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001), whereas glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in the LEAD+ group. Multivariate analysis results showed that GFR (odds ratio [OR] 0.991, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.986–0.997, P = 0.003), diabetes duration (OR 1.055, 95% CI 1.026–1.084, P < 0.001), age (OR 1.123, 95% CI 1.104–1.142, P < 0.001), and uric acid (OR 1.002, 95% CI 1.000–1.004, P = 0.031) were independently associated with LEAD in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that age (OR 1.078, 95% CI 1.048–1.109, P < 0.001) and GFR (OR 0.985, 95% CI 0.975–0.994, P = 0.002) were independently associated with the severity of arterial lesions in patients with T2DM and LEAD.The risk factors of LEAD in Chinese patients with T2DM include age, course of disease, uric acid, and GFR. Patients with T2DM, high uric acid levels, and declined GFR could be listed in the high-risk group for LEAD.

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Risk Factors for Incident Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Trial

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Awareness of diabetic foot disease amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the chronic outpatients department at a regional hospital in Durban, South Africa

Factors associated with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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