Risk factors for invasive meningococcal disease in southern Queensland, 2000−2001

McCall, Bradley J; Neill, Annette; Young, Margaret

doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2004.00564.x

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The risk assessment should take into account duration and closeness of contact, as the risk of further cases is likely to be higher in settings similar to households, where risk of exposure to respiratory droplets would be more likely. Some studies found a higher risk for IMD in more crowded household settings [51,[83][84][85] and crowded conditions were described in several day-care-associated outbreaks in the USA [13,14]. Thus children in the same group as the index case who have spent long periods in the same room (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the evidence for giving chemoprophylaxis to children or students attending the same preschool, school or college as a case of meningococcal disease?

Hellenbrand

Hanquet²,

Heuberger

et al. 2011

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYWe performed a systematic literature review to assess the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis for contacts of sporadic cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in educational settings. No studies directly compared IMD risk in contacts with/without chemoprophylaxis. However, compared to the background incidence, an elevated IMD risk was identified in settings without a general recommendation for chemoprophylaxis in pre-schools [pooled risk difference (RD) 58 . 2/10 5 , 95 % confidence interval (CI) 27 . 3-89 . 0] and primary schools (pooled RD 4 . 9/10 5 , 95% CI 2 . 9-6 . 9) in the y30 days after contact with a sporadic IMD case, but not in other educational settings. Thus, limited but consistent evidence suggests the risk of IMD in pre-school contacts of sporadic IMD cases is significantly increased above the background risk, but lower than in household contacts (pooled RD for household contacts with no chemoprophylaxis vs. background incidence : 480 . 1/10 5 , 95 % CI 321 . 5-639 . 9). We recommend chemoprophylaxis for pre-school contacts depending on an assessment of duration and closeness of contact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the evidence for giving chemoprophylaxis to children or students attending the same preschool, school or college as a case of meningococcal disease?

Hellenbrand

Hanquet²,

Heuberger

et al. 2011

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Studies from developed countries have identified numerous environmental risk factors for meningococcal disease independent of serogroup, including crowding [64][65][66], passive cigarette smoking [64,65,67] and exposure to a case (household contacts have a 1000-fold increase in risk of disease compared with unexposed individuals) [68][69][70]. Additional risk factors specific for the meningitis belt have been described by the few studies that have been conducted, include wood smoke exposure [70] and coincident respiratory infections [71,72], although a study from the Gambia [73] did not find identifiable risk factors.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal serogroup W135 in the African meningitis belt: epidemiology, immunity and vaccines

Mueller¹,

Borrow²,

Gessner³

2006

Expert Review of Vaccines

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In the sub-Saharan African meningitis belt there is a region of hyperendemic and epidemic meningitis stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia. The public health approaches to meningitis epidemics, including those related to vaccine use, have assumed that Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A will cause the most disease. During 2001 and 2002, the first large-scale epidemics of serogroup W135 meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa were reported from Burkina Faso. The occurrence of N. meningitidis W135 epidemics has led to a host of new issues, including the need for improved laboratory diagnostics for identifying serogroups during epidemics, an affordable supply of serogroup W135-containing polysaccharide vaccine for epidemic control where needed, and re-evaluating the long-term strategy of developing a monovalent A conjugate vaccine for the region. This review summarizes the existing data on N. meningitidis W135 epidemiology, immunology and vaccines as they relate to meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…From here, in a process that is poorly understood (but which apparently reflects human genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and the particular meningococcal strain present), it may rarely invade deeper tissues and the bloodstream to cause septicemia and meningitis (3)(4)(5)(6). The dichotomous phenotypes of colonization and invasion are widely considered to be established early following the arrival of meningococci in the nasopharynx, with most invasive infections being thought to occur soon after this point.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Profiling of Neisseria meningitidis Interacting with Human Epithelial Cells in a Long-Term In Vitro Colonization Model

Hey

Hudson

et al. 2013

Infect Immun

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Neisseria meningitidis is a commensal of humans that can colonize the nasopharyngeal epithelium for weeks to months and occasionally invades to cause life-threatening septicemia and meningitis. Comparatively little is known about meningococcal gene expression during colonization beyond those first few hours. In this study, the transcriptome of adherent serogroup B N. meningitidis strain MC58 was determined at intervals during prolonged cocultivation with confluent monolayers of the human respiratory epithelial cell line 16HBE14. At different time points up to 21 days, 7 to 14% of the meningococcal genome was found to be differentially regulated. The transcriptome of adherent meningococci obtained after 4 h of coculture was markedly different from that obtained after prolonged cocultivation (24 h, 96 h, and 21 days). Genes persistently upregulated during prolonged cocultivation included three genes (hfq, misR/phoP, and lrp) encoding global regulatory proteins. Many genes encoding known adhesins involved in epithelial adherence were upregulated, including those of a novel locus (spanning NMB0342 to NMB0348 [NMB0342-NMB0348]) encoding epithelial cell-adhesive function. Sixteen genes (including porA, porB, rmpM, and fbpA) encoding proteins previously identified by their immunoreactivity to sera from individuals colonized long term with serogroup B meningococci were also upregulated during prolonged cocultivation, indicating that our system models growth conditions in vivo during the commensal state. Surface-expressed proteins downregulated in the nasopharynx (and thus less subject to selection pressure) but upregulated in the bloodstream (and thus vulnerable to antibody-mediated bactericidal activity) should be interesting candidate vaccine antigens, and in this study, three new proteins fulfilling these criteria have been identified: NMB0497, NMB0866, and NMB1882.

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Risk factors for invasive meningococcal disease in southern Queensland, 2000−2001

Abstract: This is the second Australian study that identifies links between risk of IMD and exposure to cigarette smoke. The risk of IMD in young children could be further reduced if primary caregivers did not smoke. This information may contribute a new perspective to antismoking campaigns.

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

What is the evidence for giving chemoprophylaxis to children or students attending the same preschool, school or college as a case of meningococcal disease?

What is the evidence for giving chemoprophylaxis to children or students attending the same preschool, school or college as a case of meningococcal disease?

Meningococcal serogroup W135 in the African meningitis belt: epidemiology, immunity and vaccines

Transcriptional Profiling of Neisseria meningitidis Interacting with Human Epithelial Cells in a Long-Term In Vitro Colonization Model

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