Risk factors for local recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma tumors after a single session, single application of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation

Abstract

This work is aimed to provide a systematic design procedure to determine the process configuration, the relative position of the reactive zone, and separation sections. Instead of investigating real chemical systems, ideal chemical reaction systems with different relative volatility rankings will be studied. This provides a gradual transition as the reaction and separation properties change. The reaction considered is a reversible reaction, A + B ⇔︁ C + D, and this constitutes a quaternary system with 24 (4) possible relative volatility arrangements. These 24 systems can further be grouped into six categories according to the ranking of relative volatilities of reactants and products. The likely process configurations will be explored and design will be optimized based on the total annual cost (TAC). The results clearly indicate that the relative volatility rankings play a dominant role in the reactive distillation configuration and the TAC varies by a factor of ∼7 as we move from the most favorable case (reactants are intermediate keys) to the least favorable relative volatility ranking (products are intermediate keys). Finally, heuristics are given to correlate the relative volatility ranking to the TAC. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007

Factors for early tumor recurrence of single small hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy

“…Komorizono and colleagues reported that the tumor of more than 2 cm in size and the subcapsular lesions were the risk factors of local tumor recurrence [13] . In our study, tumor size >2 cm has the trend for early local tumor recurrence (P = 0.089, Mann-Whitney test) ( Table 4).…”

“…However, despite the high complete necrosis rate of RFA, early tumor recurrence within one year, either local tumor recurrence or new tumor formation, can still be found. A series of studies discussed the factors for tumor recurrence including the tumor size, subcapsular lesion, operative procedure, underlying liver disease and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, but the results were not well documented [13][14][15]23] . The factors for the early tumor recurrence within one year were never discussed independently.…”

Local recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the tumor blood drainage area following radiofrequency ablation

“…RFA has recently gained wide acceptance worldwide, mainly due to its relatively low level of invasiveness, ease of use and effectiveness (9,10). The incidence of local tumor progression of HCC reportedly ranges between 0.9 and 31.3% (5,9,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Local tumor recurrence may occur due to untreated satellite lesions, which are too small to detect on imaging prior to RFA (19).…”

Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment strategies – a case-based review

“…There es supporting R dard of care f be clearly seen n the surround latest improve erstandable tha HCC > 3 cm, t m [45,46] . In suc ve survival [44 ns that clinicia effusion and p eligible patient bility of incom in relation to mplete necrosis sular or within [43] [52,53] ) -accounting for 10%-15% of tumors [1] . In these scenarios, there is an increased risk of incomplete eradication and local tumor progression.…”

“…Drug-related adverse events were considered manageable, and no death related with toxicity was described [53,61] .…”