Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injury in CrossFit: A Systematic Review

Mehrab, Mirwais; Wágner, Robert; Vuurberg, Gwendolyn; Gouttebarge, Vincent; Vos, Robert‐Jan de; Mathijssen, Nina Maria Cornelia

doi:10.1055/a-1953-6317

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Currently, CrossFit ® practice has increased as has the number of publications related to the characteristics of the associated injuries [15][16][17]. Furthermore, it has been studied all across the world in countries such as Portugal, Brazil and the Netherlands [18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal Injuries and Risk Factors in Spanish CrossFit® Practitioners

Lastra-Rodríguez,

Llamas-Ramos,

Rodríguez-Pérez

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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CrossFit® Training is a physical and sports-conditioning system based on constantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity. CrossFit® has been shown to significantly improve general physical performance and body composition. Although there seems to be an association between the practice of CrossFit® and musculoskeletal injuries, the relationship between CrossFit® and injury risks has been poorly studied. The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between CrossFit® and musculoskeletal injuries. Secondary objectives were the analysis of various risk factors and injury and the comparison of the incidence of CrossFit® injuries to that of other sports. An online questionnaire was distributed to gyms affiliated with CrossFit®, Inc. in the Principality of Asturias, Spain in order to carry out a retrospective transversal descriptive study. The frequency of injuries in CrossFit® is similar to most sports. Injuries are often minor and of short duration, with the shoulder being the most affected joint complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal Injuries and Risk Factors in Spanish CrossFit® Practitioners

Lastra-Rodríguez,

Llamas-Ramos,

Rodríguez-Pérez

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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“…To date, authors have examined a range of research areas surrounding the sport of CrossFit ® in several literature reviews [ 6 ]. The focus is usually on short- and long-term physiological responses [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], nutritional strategies or interventions [ 12 , 13 ], psychological parameters [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], and musculoskeletal injury risks of the training program [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Additionally, research on related training routines, such as high-intensity functional training (HIFT) [ 25 ] or high-intensity multimodal training (HIMT) [ 26 ] helps to determine how the training concept of CrossFit ® is practiced and applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CrossFit®: ‘Unknowable’ or Predictable?—A Systematic Review on Predictors of CrossFit® Performance

Meier

Schlie

Schmidt

2023

Sports

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The functional fitness training program CrossFit® is experiencing fast-growing and widespread popularity with day-to-day varying ‘Workouts of the Day’ (WOD). Even among tactical athletes, the training program is widely applied. Nevertheless, there is a lack of data on which parameters influence CrossFit® performance. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature to identify and summarize predictors of CrossFit® performance and performance enhancement. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of the following databases was conducted in April 2022: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science. Using the keyword ‘CrossFit’, 1264 entries are found, and 21 articles are included based on the eligibility criteria. In summary, the studies show conflicting results, and no specific key parameter was found that predicts CrossFit® performance regardless of the type of WOD. In detail, the findings indicate that physiological parameters (in particular, body composition) and high-level competitive experience have a more consistent influence than specific performance variables. Nevertheless, in one-third of the studies, high total body strength (i.e., CrossFit® Total performance) and trunk strength (i.e., back squat performance) correlate with higher workout scores. For the first time, this review presents a summary of performance determinants in CrossFit®. From this, a guiding principle for training strategies may be derived, suggesting that a focus on body composition, body strength, and competition experience may be recommended for CrossFit® performance prediction and performance enhancement.

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“…Some studies have shown the potential high injury risk of CrossFit ® [20][21][22]. Recently, a systematic review has shown a positive influence on body composition and physical fitness [17] in CrossFit ® practitioners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Different Types of Exercises on Cardiac Autonomic Function. An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in CrossFit® Athletes

Morlin

Cruz

Guimarães

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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It is well established that endurance exercise has positive effects on cardiac autonomic function (CAF). However, there is still a dearth of information about the effects of regular high-intensity interval training combined with different types of exercises (HIITCE) on CAF. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare CAF at rest, its reactivity, and reactivation following maximal exercise testing in HIITCE and endurance athletes. Methods: An observational study was conducted with 34 male athletes of HIITCE (i.e., CrossFit®) [HG: n = 18; 30.6 ± 4.8 years] and endurance athletes (i.e., triathlon) [TG.: n = 16; 32.8 ± 3.6 years]. We analyzed 5 min of frequency-domain indices (TP, LF, HF, LFn, HFn, and LF/HF ratio) of heart rate variability (HRV) in both supine and orthostatic positions and its reactivity after the active orthostatic test. Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) was assessed at 60, 180, and 300 s. Statistical analysis employed a non-parametric test with a p-value set at 5%. Results: The HG showed reduced HFn and increased LFn modulations at rest (supine). Overall cardiac autonomic modulation (TP) at supine and all indices of HRV at the orthostatic position were similar between groups. Following the orthostatic test, the HG showed low reactivity for all HRV indices compared to TG. After the exercise, HRR does not show a difference between groups at 60 s. However, at 180 and 300 s, an impairment of HRR was observed in HG than in TG. Conclusion: At rest (supine), the HG showed reduced parasympathetic and increased sympathetic modulation, low reactivity after postural change, and impaired HRR compared to TG.

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Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injury in CrossFit: A Systematic Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Musculoskeletal Injuries and Risk Factors in Spanish CrossFit® Practitioners

Musculoskeletal Injuries and Risk Factors in Spanish CrossFit® Practitioners

CrossFit®: ‘Unknowable’ or Predictable?—A Systematic Review on Predictors of CrossFit® Performance

High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Different Types of Exercises on Cardiac Autonomic Function. An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in CrossFit® Athletes

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