Risk factors for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A hospital‐based case–control study

Abstract

Our data showed that DM, heavy smoking, choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis were risk factors for pCCA development, implying that pCCA may share some aetiological factors with intrahepatic CCA although it has been classified as extrahepatic CCA.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Risk Factor for Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Three studies were conducted in Western countries [10,16,19] of which approximately 97% of participants were white. Other 4 studies were conducted in Asian countries with no demonstrated proportion of race [9,17,18,20]. Three studies were communitybased case-control studies [10,17,19], while the other 4 studies were hospital-based case-control studies [9,16,18,20].…”

“…Only one study used hepatic steatosis index for diagnosis of NAFLD [19]. Among the 7 included studies, 4 studies clearly stated that all participants in control groups underwent the same procedure as cases for diagnosis of NAFLD, such as imaging, histopathology examination, or laboratory test for hepatic steatosis index [9,[18][19][20]. Regarding the study quality, four studies were classified as good quality [16,[18][19][20] and the other 3 studies were classified as fair quality [9,10,17] (Table 1 and Additional file 2: Data S5).…”

“…Three studies were communitybased case-control studies [10,17,19], while the other 4 studies were hospital-based case-control studies [9,16,18,20]. NAFLD was diagnosed by histopathology in 1 study [9], by radiologic imaging in 1 study [20], and by either histopathology or imaging in 2 studies [16,18]. In the other 2 studies, NAFLD was diagnosed by ICD-9 codes: 571.8 [10,17].…”

“…Other 4 studies were conducted in Asian countries with no demonstrated proportion of race [9,17,18,20]. Three studies were communitybased case-control studies [10,17,19], while the other 4 studies were hospital-based case-control studies [9,16,18,20]. NAFLD was diagnosed by histopathology in 1 study [9], by radiologic imaging in 1 study [20], and by either histopathology or imaging in 2 studies [16,18].…”

“…Given the difference in study design, 7 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis (Table 1) [9,10,[16][17][18][19][20]. The single cohort study was analyzed separately because this study provided limited information, i.e.…”