Risk Factors for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and the Natural History of HCV Infection Acquired in Infancy

Mast, Eric E.; Hwang, Lu-Yu; Seto, Dexter S. Y.; Nolte, Frederick S.; Nainan, Omana V.; Wurtzel, Heather; Alter, Miriam J.

doi:10.1086/497701

Cited by 362 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our rate is similar to the rates of MTCT of HCV observed in multicenter studies conducted among HIV-uninfected women in Europe [44,45], Egypt [46], and the United States [47]. It is important to emphasize that different definitions of MTCT of HCV used in previous studies could at least partially account for these differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Among HIV/HCV-Coinfected Women

Cabot

Stoszek

Quarleri

et al. 2012

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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Background. Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection has been associated with increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We hypothesized that HCV/HIVcoinfected women with well-controlled HIV disease would not have increased HCV MTCT. Methods. The NISDI Perinatal and LILAC cohorts enrolled HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants in Latin America and the Caribbean. This substudy evaluated the HCV infection status of mothers at participating sites and their live born, singleton infants who had a 6-month postnatal visit by December 31, 2008. Mothers who were anti-HCV-positive, or who had CD4 counts (cells/mm 3 ) <200 with detectable HCV RNA, were considered HCV-infected. All HCV-infected women were tested for HCV RNA. Infants with HCV RNA were considered HCV-infected. Results. Of 1042 enrolled women, 739 (71%) mother-infant pairs met the inclusion criteria. Of the 739 women, 67 (9%) were anti-HCV-positive and 672 anti-HCV-negative [68 (10%) with CD4 counts <200; of these, 3 (4.4%) were HCV RNA-positive]. Therefore, our study population comprised 70 HCV-infected (47 with HCV RNA) and 669 HCV-uninfected women (and their infants). Factors associated with maternal HCV infection included unemployment (odds ratio [OR] = 2.58

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Among HIV/HCV-Coinfected Women

Cabot

Stoszek

Quarleri

et al. 2012

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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“…84 Exposure to contaminated blood or blood products is the most efficient method of transmission of HCV, while perinatal and vertical transmission is less efficient. 85 Sexual transmission of HCV infection is more efficient in presence of ulcerative sexually transmitted infections and homosexual practices. 86 Unlike the west, where 30% of HIV-infected individuals are coinfected with HCV, 87 in India there is higher heterosexual transmission and transmission by needle sharing in injection drug use is lower.…”

Section: Management Of Hcv In Hiv Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…166 High maternal viral load (>600,000 IU/ml), invasive fetal monitoring, prolonged rupture of membranes, and fetal anoxia at the time of delivery are factors that enhance transmission. 85,167 Elective cesarean section is not required for women with HCV infection and breast-feeding does not promote transmission. However, it is prudent to avoid breast-feeding if the nipples are bleeding, if mastitis is present or if the mother is experiencing a flare of hepatitis with jaundice.…”

Section: Hepatitis C In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) Guidance for Antiviral Therapy Against HCV Infection: Update 2016

Puri

Saraswat

Dhiman

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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India contributes significantly to the global burden of HCV. While the nucleoside NS5B inhibitor sofosbuvir became available in the Indian market in March 2015, the other directly acting agents (DAAs), Ledipasvir and Daclatasvir, have only recently become available in the India. The introduction of these DAA in India at a relatively affordable price has led to great optimism about prospects of cure for these patients as not only will they provide higher efficacy, but combination DAAs as all-oral regimen will result in lower side effects than were seen with pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin therapy. Availability of these newer DAAs has necessitated revision of INASL guidelines for the treatment of HCV published in 2015. Current considerations for the treatment of HCV in India include the poorer response of genotype 3, nonavailability of many of the DAAs recommended by other guidelines and the cost of therapy. The availability of combination DAA therapy has simplified therapy of HCV with decreased reliance of evaluation for monitoring viral kinetics or drug related side effects. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2016;6:119-145) T here have been revolutionary changes in the management of chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) over the last few years. Pegylated interferon alfa (Peg-IFNa) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy, which till the recent past was the standard of care, has been eclipsed by the arrival of newer directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Not only do the DAAs have better efficacy, they are also associated with lower side effects, have better tolerability, a shorter duration of therapy, and have simpler administration.In the recent guidelines issued by the American Association for the study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), in collaboration with the Infectious Diseases Society of America 1 and the European Association for Study of the Liver z (EASL), 2 the role of Peg-IFNa/RBV therapy in the management of HCV has been relegated to second-line, backup status. These newer guidelines, however, cannot be implemented in India as many of the recommended drugs are yet to be marketed in India. Other considerations for the treatment of HCV in India are a predominance of

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“…However, the risk of vertical and perinatal transmissions is high for HIV and relatively low for HCV, although the risk increases twice when the mother is HIV positive. 6,7 The sexual transmission of HCV is ineffi cient, and the exact risk related to different types of sexual activity is unknown; nevertheless, it has been increasing among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). 8 The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has signifi cantly improved life expectancy of HIV-infected patients; however, the consequences of hepatitis C have become more apparent, as a result either of decompensated cirrhosis or hepatotoxicity due to HAART.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of HIV/HCV coinfection in patients cared for at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas

Victoria¹,

Victoria²,

Torres³

et al. 2010

Braz J Infect Dis

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We declare no confl ict of interest. ABSTRACTThe association of HIV infection and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often occurs because both viruses share the same transmission routes, increasing the possibility of HIV/HCV coinfection. World prevalence greater than 30% of coinfected cases is estimated, and it can reach 90% depending on the transmission route. With the aim of determining the frequency and profi le of HIV/HCV coinfected patients, a descriptive analysis was carried out with patients with HIV/AIDS whose serology was positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV), cared for at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas from 2000 to 2007. In the present study, of the 2,653 AIDS cases notifi ed in SINAN, 1,582 patients underwent serology test for hepatitis C, and a frequency of 4.42% (n = 70) of HIV/HCV coinfected patients was identifi ed in the period studied. The most frequent infection route was sexual transmission (84.3%), 68.6% among heterosexual individuals. Most patients were males (72.9%), aged between 25 and 40 years (60.1%), of low income (50% earning up to one minimum wage), and low educational level (80% had completed only middle school). A high percentage of deaths were observed during the study (34.3%). The results indicate a low seroprevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection in this population, in which sexual transmission, characterized by sexual promiscuity among heterosexual individuals, is the major transmission route of the virus rather than the use of injection drugs, as shown in world statistics.

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Risk Factors for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and the Natural History of HCV Infection Acquired in Infancy

Abstract: If duration of membrane rupture and internal fetal monitoring are confirmed to be associated with transmission, interventions may be possible to decrease the risk of transmission.

Cited by 362 publications

References 40 publications

Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Among HIV/HCV-Coinfected Women

Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Among HIV/HCV-Coinfected Women

Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) Guidance for Antiviral Therapy Against HCV Infection: Update 2016

Epidemiology of HIV/HCV coinfection in patients cared for at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas

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