Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Burkina Faso: a community-based cross-sectional survey

Yaro, Jean Baptiste; Ouédraogo, Alphonse; Diarra, Amidou; Sombié, Salif; Ouedraogo, Z Amidou; Nébié, Issa; Drakeley, Chris; Sirima, Sodiomon B.; Tiono, Alfred B.; Lindsay, Steve W.; Wilson, Anne L.

doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03896-8

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The prevalence of microscopy-detected malaria in our study was similar to that reported at predelivery in the same area, with a prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI 14.6–20.8%). A similar trend was reported in the central region of the country (a similar malaria transmission setting), with a prevalence of microscopy-detected P. falciparum infection of 15.7% (95% CI 12.3–20.2%) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy [ 7 ]. This shows that malaria transmission intensity in the country is consistent throughout the pregnancy [ 5 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In Burkina Faso, the epidemiology of malaria has been comprehensively described for different age groups and conditions [ 7 – 11 ], and various interventions have been implemented to improve health care [ 12 – 14 ]. However, data on the characteristics of malaria in pregnancy are sparse, particularly in rural areas, and it is an obstacle for adequate control strategies planning and implementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso

et al. 2022

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Background The WHO recommends continuous surveillance of malaria in endemic countries to identify areas and populations most in need for targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among first antenatal care (ANC) attendees in rural Burkina Faso. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2019 and September 2020 at the Yako health district and included 1067 first ANC attendees. Sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetric, and medical characteristics were collected. Malaria was diagnosed by standard microscopy and hemoglobin level was measured by spectrophotometry. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with malaria infection. Results Overall malaria infection prevalence was 16.1% (167/1039). Among malaria-positive women, the geometric mean parasite density was 1204 [95% confidence interval (CI) 934–1552] parasites/µL and the proportion of very low (1–199 parasites/µL), low (200–999 parasites/µL), medium (1000–9999 parasites/µL) and high (≥ 10,000 parasites/µL) parasite densities were 15.0%, 35.3%, 38.3% and 11.4%, respectively. Age < 20 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.2; 95% CI 1.4–3.5), anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/deciliter) (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI 2.2–5.5), the non-use of bed net (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.1–2.8), and the absence of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (aOR: 5.8; 95% CI 2.1–24.5) were positively associated with malaria infection. Conclusions The study showed that one out of six pregnant women had a microscopy-detected P. falciparum malaria infection at their first ANC visit. Strengthening malaria prevention strategies during the first ANC visit is needed to prevent unfavorable birth outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso

et al. 2022

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“…In agreement with reports of several studies, malaria parasite levels decreased with increasing maternal age and gravidity status [ 1 , 3 , 49 , 52 ]. This might be linked to pregnancy-associated anti-parasite immunity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association between malaria and undernutrition among pregnant women at presentation for antenatal care in health facilities in the Mount Cameroon region

Jugha,

Anchang,

Taiwe

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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In resource limited settings, malaria and undernutrition are major public health problems in pregnancy. Therefore, this study assessed the association between malaria infection and undernutrition among pregnant women in the Mount Cameroon area. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1,014 pregnant women consecutively over a year. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information and clinical data. Maternal nutrition was assessed using dietary diversity (DD). Peripheral blood samples collected were used for the diagnosis of malaria parasitaemia by microscopy whereas haemoglobin (Hb) levels were determined using an Hb meter. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with malaria and dietary diversity. The prevalence of malaria infection and undernutrition was 17.8% and 89.6% respectively. In addition, of those infected with malaria, geometric mean parasite density was 301/μL of blood (range: 40–9280) while mean DD score was 3.57±0.82 (range: 1–7). The odds of being infected with malaria parasitaemia was highest among women enrolled in the rainy season (OR = 1.58, P = 0.043), who were farmers (OR = 2.3, P = 0.030), had a household size of < 4 individuals (OR = 1.48, P = 0.026) and who were febrile (OR = 1.87, P < 0.001). Also, attending clinic visits in Mutengene Medical Centre (OR = 2.0, P = 0.012) or Buea Integrated Health Centre (OR = 2.9, P = < 0.001), being < 25 years (OR = 2.4, P = 0.002) and a farmer (OR = 10.6, P = 0.024) as well as < 4 clinic visits (OR = 1.62, P = 0.039) were identified as predictors of undernutrition. Furthermore, the association between malaria and DD was statistically significant (P = 0.015). In this study, undernutrition was highly frequent than malaria infection. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve maternal awareness through nutritional counselling and health campaigns on the benefits of consuming at least five food groups. Besides, improved maternal dietary nutrient intake is likely to have impact on the burden of malaria parasite infection.

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“…In Burkina Faso, the study was conducted in the Centre-West of the country, in the Nanoro Health District, catchment area (about 145,000 inhabitants), where malaria transmission is high and extremely seasonal (June-December). Studies in Burkina Faso have estimated prevalence of malaria infection amongst pregnant women at between 15.7% and 18.1% [ 31 , 32 ]. In Burkina Faso, at the time of the trial, pregnant women were expected to pay for malaria treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household costs associated with seeking malaria treatment during pregnancy: evidence from Burkina Faso and The Gambia

Duval

Scott

Traoré

et al. 2022

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

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Background Malaria in pregnancy remains a major health threat in sub-Saharan Africa to both expectant mothers and their unborn children. To date, there have been very few studies focused on the out of pocket costs associated with seeking treatment for malaria during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Burkina Faso and The Gambia to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with outpatient consultations (OP) and inpatient admissions (IP). Direct costs were broken down into medical (admission fees, drug charges, and laboratory fees), and non-medical (transportation and food). Indirect costs reflected time lost due to illness. In total, 220 pregnant women in Burkina Faso and 263 in The Gambia were interviewed about their treatment seeking decisions, expenditure, time use and financial support associated with each malaria episode. Results In Burkina Faso 6.7% sought treatment elsewhere before their OP visits, and 27.1% before their IP visits. This compares to 1.3% for OP and 25.92% for IP in The Gambia. Once at the facility, the average direct costs (out of pocket) were 3.91US$ for an OP visit and 15.38US$ of an IP visit in Burkina Faso, and 0.80US$ for an OP visit and 9.19US$ for an IP visit in The Gambia. Inpatient direct costs were driven by drug costs (9.27US$) and transportation costs (2.72US$) in Burkina Faso and drug costs (3.44 US$) and food costs (3.44 US$) in The Gambia. Indirect costs of IP visits, valued as the opportunity cost of time lost due to the illness, were estimated at 11.85US$ in Burkina Faso and 4.07US$ in The Gambia. The difference across the two countries was mainly due to the longer time of hospitalization in Burkina Faso compared to The Gambia. In The Gambia, the vast majority of pregnant women reported receiving financial support from family members living abroad, most commonly siblings (65%). Conclusions High malaria treatment costs are incurred by pregnant women in Burkina Faso and The Gambia. Beyond the medical costs of fees and drugs, costs in terms of transport, food and time are significant drivers. The role of remittances, particularly their effect on accessing health care, needs further investigation.

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Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Burkina Faso: a community-based cross-sectional survey

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso

Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso

Association between malaria and undernutrition among pregnant women at presentation for antenatal care in health facilities in the Mount Cameroon region

Household costs associated with seeking malaria treatment during pregnancy: evidence from Burkina Faso and The Gambia

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