Risk factors for pneumonia in the elderly

Koivula, Irma; Stén, Marja; Mäkelä, P. Helena

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(94)90060-4

Cited by 312 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Steroid exposure has rarely been addressed as a potential risk factor for pneumonia in the general population (38)(39)(40)(41)44). To our knowledge, glucocorticoid dosage has not been demonstrated to be predictive of pneumonia risk in any previous study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: Associations with prednisone, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy

Wolfe¹,

Caplan²,

Michaud³

2006

Arthritis & Rheumatism

427

233

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Objective. Pneumonia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to determine the rate and predictors of hospitalization for pneumonia and the extent to which specific RA treatments increase pneumonia risk.Methods. RA patients (n ‫؍‬ 16,788) were assessed semiannually for 3.5 years. Pneumonia was confirmed by medical records or detailed patient interview. Covariates included RA severity measures, diabetes, pulmonary disease, and myocardial infarction. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the multivariable risk associated with RA treatments.Results Conclusion. There is a dose-related relationship between prednisone use and pneumonia risk in RA. No increase in risk was found for anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy or methotrexate. These data call into question the belief that low-dose prednisone is safe. Because corticosteroid use is common in RA, the results of this study suggest that prednisone exposure may have important public health consequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Among these factors is preexisting pulmonary disease, which has been shown in more than 20 studies to greatly increase the risk of pneumonia (38)(39)(40)(41). The pathophysiologic explanation for this finding is, however, incompletely understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: Associations with prednisone, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy

Wolfe¹,

Caplan²,

Michaud³

2006

Arthritis & Rheumatism

427

233

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“…18,21,22,25 There is also discussion about age as a risk factor for complications. 7,9,11,12,14,17,[19][20][21][22]24,26 In one of these studies it is suggested that age could lose specific weight as a prognostic factor for communityacquired pneumonia when including older patients only.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasons for this range from exclusively including patients in a hospital setting, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] to selecting patients with community-acquired pneumonia only. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20] Some studies investigated the aetiological factors and used a case-control design, [15][16][17][18] others tested the validity or usefulness of an existing prediction rule. 10,13 Of note, the number of patients aged ≥80 years in most studies was low, or it was not totally clear how many older patients were included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of primary care patients aged 80 years and older with lower respiratory tract infection

et al. 2009

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“…heart, renal and lung diseases, low body mass index [BMI] and previous respiratory infection) and environmental factors (e.g. second-hand smoke and exposure to gases, fumes and chemicals) [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Oral Health as Risk Factor for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Rodríguez¹,

Bolíbar²,

Serra‐Prat³

et al. 2014

J Pulm Respir Med

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Objectives: Considerable evidence exists of the relationship between poor oral hygiene (therefore greater presence of plaque) and risk of pneumonia in special-care populations, including intensive care unit and nursing home settings. However, the effect of poor oral health on the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains to be established. We assessed the relationship between CAP and oral health in general adult population. Study design:Over 1-year period, 1,336 incident cases of CAP and 1,326 controls were enrolled in a populationbased case-control study. A questionnaire on CAP risk factors that included oral health-related questions, including visit to dentist in the last month, bleeding gums, gingivitis, dental dysaesthesia, dental prosthesis, gumboil in the last month, teeth move or lost, and periodontal disease was administered to all participants. Results:The prevalence of dental dysaesthesia and use of dental prosthesis was significantly higher among patients with CAP than in control subjects (23.3% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.043, and 45.6% vs. 40.8%, P = 0.016, respectively), whereas visit to the dentist in the last month was a preventive factor against the development of CAP (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.92, P = 0.008). Results of bivariate analysis were confirmed in the adjusted multivariate logistic regression models. Conclusions:Poor oral health may contribute to a higher risk for CAP in adult patients. Oral hygiene practices are particularly important in subjects with dental dysaesthesia and dental prosthesis. Not only odontologists but also dental hygienists should be aware of the relationship between oral health and potentially severe lung infection.

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Risk factors for pneumonia in the elderly

Cited by 312 publications

References 22 publications

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: Associations with prednisone, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: Associations with prednisone, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy

Prognosis of primary care patients aged 80 years and older with lower respiratory tract infection

Poor Oral Health as Risk Factor for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

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