Risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis: anthropometric measurements, age, age at menopause and the time elapsed after menopause onset

Akdeniz, Nurten; Akpolat,; Kale, Ahmet; Erdemoğlu, Mahmut; Kuyumcuoğlu, Umur; Çelik, Yusuf

doi:10.1080/09513590802549817

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As an initial component of this explanation, the physical burden of supporting a larger body size is generally considered to be responsible for the biologic need for a more robust supporting bone structure and for the positive association between body size and bone mineralization. 6–8 In turn, the vascular ‘calcification paradox’, whereby increasing bone mineral density is inversely related to CAC, appears related to a number of proteins and signaling systems that have opposing actions on bones and the vasculature. As one of these candidate proteins, osteoprotegerin is likely to play a key role in the vascular calcification paradox, with osteoprotegerin genetic knockout mice displaying a severe decrease in bone density with extensive medial vascular calcification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,5 Various mechanisms and signaling pathways are potentially responsible for this association and certainly, there is biologic plausibility to support the calcification paradox. 3,5 Importantly, measures of body size including body weight and body mass index (BMI) are positively associated with bone mineral density, 6–8 and it is proposed that the physiologic requirement of carrying a larger or heavier body mass results in greater bone mineralization. In support of this, a lack of physical activity is associated with osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inverse relationship between body mass index and coronary artery calcification in patients with clinically significant coronary lesions

Kovacic¹,

Lee²,

Baber³

et al. 2012

Atherosclerosis

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Aims Mounting data support a ‘calcification paradox’, whereby reduced bone mineral density is associated with increased vascular calcification. Furthermore, reduced bone mineral density is prevalent in older persons with lower body mass index (BMI). Therefore, although BMI and coronary artery calcification (CAC) exhibit a positive relationship in younger persons, it is predicted that in older persons and/or those at risk for osteoporosis, an inverse relationship between BMI and CAC may apply. We sought to explore this hypothesis in a large group of patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results We accessed our single-center registry for 07/01/1999 to 06/30/2009, extracting data on all patients that underwent PCI. To minimize bias we excluded those at the extremes of age or BMI and non-Black/Hispanic/Caucasians, leaving 9,993 study subjects (age 66.6±9.9 years). Index lesion calcification (ILC) was analyzed with respect to BMI. Comparing index lesions with no angiographic calcification to those with the most severe, mean BMI decreased by 1.11 kg.m−2; a reduction of 3.9% (P<0.0001). By multivariable modeling, BMI was an independent inverse predictor of moderate-severe ILC (m-sILC; Odds Ratio [OR] 0.967, 95%CI 0.953–0.980, P<0.0001). Additional fully adjusted models identified that, compared to those with normal BMI, obese patients had an OR of 0.702 for m-sILC (95%CI 0.596–0.827, P<0.0001). Conclusions In a large group of PCI patients, we identified an inverse correlation between BMI and index lesion calcification. These associations are consistent with established paradigms and suggest a complex interrelationship between BMI, body size and vascular calcification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse relationship between body mass index and coronary artery calcification in patients with clinically significant coronary lesions

Kovacic¹,

Lee²,

Baber³

et al. 2012

Atherosclerosis

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“…Menopause represents the loss of ovarian reserve and is an inevitable life event for all women who live long enough. [2, 3] The timing of this life event is associated with multiple chronic diseases such as breast cancer (late menopause) and coronary heart disease, stroke, and osteoporosis (early menopause)[4–9]. Thus, biomarkers that can estimate ovarian reserve and the onset of menopause may also have utility in identifying women at low or high risk of common chronic diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is associated with natural menopause in a population-based sample: The CARDIA Women's Study

et al. 2015

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Objective AMH is associated with menopausal timing in several studies. In contrast to prior studies that were restricted to women with regular cycles, our objective was to examine this association in women with either regular or irregular menstrual cycles. Methods CARDIA is a longitudinal, population-based study that recruited adults ages 18–30 when it began in 1985–86. AMH was measured in serum stored in 2002–03. Natural menopause was assessed by survey in 2005–06 and 2010–11. Results Among 716 premenopausal women, median [25th, 75th] AMH was 0.77 [0.22–2.02] ng/dL at a median age of 42 [39–45] years. Twenty-nine percent of the women (n=207) reported natural menopause during 9 years of follow up. In fully adjusted discrete-time hazard models, a 0.5 ng/dL AMH decrement was associated with higher risk of menopause (p<0.001). Hazard ratios varied with time since AMH measurement. The HR (95% CI) for menopause was 8.1 (2.5–26.1) within 0–3 years and 2.3 (1.7–3.3) and 1.6 (1.3–2.1) for 3–6 and 6–9 years, respectively. When restricted to women with regular menses, results were similar (e.g., HR=6.1; 95% CI: 1.9–20.0 for 0–3 years). Conclusion AMH is independently associated with natural menopause. AMH appears most useful in identifying women at risk of menopause in the near future (within 3 years of AMH measurement).

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“…Possible risk factors of osteoporosis are height, weight, body mass index (BMI), a medical history, a family history at mother's side, smoking, an alcohol, and an exercise etc; these are widely analyzed. [7-12]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Weight, Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Spine in Women

Yang¹,

Cho

Park

2012

J Bone Metab

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ObjectivesThis study aims to identify a relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, and the weight and body mass index (BMI) in women.MethodsThe subjects were 1,143 females who visited the public health center. BMD (T-score), height and weight were measured and age, menopause, diabetes and hypertension, exercising status and smoking status were inquired by interview.ResultsAmong the subjects, 362 (31.7%) were in the normal group and 781 (68.3%) were in the abnormal group. As the result of the logistic regression analysis with BMI (Model I), the odds ratio of getting into the abnormal BMD group as age increases by 1 year marked 1.044 (95% CI = 1.009-1.080). The odds ratio of getting into the abnormal BMD group due to menopause was 2.663 (1.516-4.679) and the odds ratio according to lack of walking exercise was 2.597 (1.878-3.591). The odds ratio with 1 kg/m2 of BMI increase was 0.909 (0.862-0.959). In the logistic regression analysis with weight (Model II), the odds ratio of getting into the abnormal BMD group as age increases by 1 year marked 1.044 (1.009-1.080). The odds ratio of getting into the abnormal bone density group due to menopause was 2.575 (1.472-4.507) and the odds ratio according to lack of walking exercise was 2.598 (1.881-3.587). The odds ratio with 1 kg of weight increase was 0.963 (0.942-0.984). The Akaike's information criterion (AIC) values of Model I and Model II were 1196.18 and 1197.14 respectively, indicating Model I has the better compatibility of regression analysis model.ConclusionWeight, BMI and BMD had a positive correlation. However, the coefficient of correlation between weight and BMD was higher than the coefficient between BMI and BMD, which means low weight is much more likely to be related to osteoporosis with no other factor considered. On the other hand, under the condition considering age, height, menopause and walking exercise smoking status, low BMI is much more compatible as a risk factor for osteoporosis.

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Risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis: anthropometric measurements, age, age at menopause and the time elapsed after menopause onset

Abstract: We determined the effects of the anthropometric measurements on osteoporosis from higher to lower influence as follows: weight, menopause age, age, BMI and height. Weight and menopause age of the patients were the major determinants for osteoporosis.

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Inverse relationship between body mass index and coronary artery calcification in patients with clinically significant coronary lesions

Inverse relationship between body mass index and coronary artery calcification in patients with clinically significant coronary lesions

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is associated with natural menopause in a population-based sample: The CARDIA Women's Study

Relationship between Weight, Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Spine in Women

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