Risk factors for postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality in Nigeria: a pooled cross-sectional analysis

Abstract

ObjectivesTo identify common factors associated with post-neonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality in Nigeria.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional data of three Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) for the years 2003, 2008 and 2013 were used. A multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling method was used to gather information on 63 844 singleton live-born infants of the most recent birth of a mother within a 5-year period before each survey was examined using cox regression models.Main outcome measuresPostneonatal mortality (death between 1 and 11 months), infant mortality (death between birth and 11 months), child mortality (death between 12 and 59 months) and under-5 mortality (death between birth and 59 months).ResultsMultivariable analyses indicated that children born to mothers with no formal education was significantly associated with mortality across all four age ranges (adjusted HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.66 for postneonatal; HR=1.38, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.84 for infant; HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.89 for child; HR=1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.41 for under-5). Other significant factors included living in rural areas (HR=1.48, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.89 for postneonatal; HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.47 for infant; HR=1.52, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.99 for child; HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.50 for under-5), and poor households (HR=2.47, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.47 for postneonatal; HR=1.40, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.78 for infant; HR=1.72, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.49 for child; HR=1.43, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.76 for under-5).ConclusionsThis study found that no formal education, poor households and living in rural areas increased the risk of postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality among Nigerian children. Community-based interventions for reducing under-5 deaths are needed and should target children born to mothers of low socioeconomic status.

The Relationship between Health Facility-based Delivery and Child Mortality in Nigeria: Insights from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

“…This finding is consistent with previous studies. [12,13,14,15] Children from households with parity between 3-4 children and 5 or more children respectively had a significantly lower risk of child mortality. This is consistent with the finding of similar study conducted in Tanzania.…”

“…[5] Numerous studies on the determinants of child mortality have been conducted in LMICs including Nigeria. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Findings of these studies showed…”

A mother’s management of rectal prolapse in a Nigerian toddler

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The burns injury in the present reported case was a result of ignorance of the mother about the correct place to seek help from in management of rectal prolapse. Study note that the mother's social background was complex.…”

“…Rarely, scalds and burns may occur in children from the high-income countries, whereas most of the burns in children low and medium income countries(LMIC) are accidental or due to ignorance on the part of the care givers. [2][3][4] A peculiarity of burns in the LMIC is that they may be intentionally inflicted for treatment of some conditions as febrile convulsions. 5 Irrespective of whether the burns injury sustained was intentional or not, the patient who has sustained it needs treatment.…”

Determinants of under Five Mortality in Ghana; A Logistic Regression Analysis Using Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey (1988-2014)

“…Under-five mortality was defined as the probability of dying before completing the fifth birthday; this was used as the outcome variable. The explanatory variables that were selected were based on a number of prior studies [2,21,22,23]. The following explanatory variables were included in the study: maternal age, highest level of education of mother, place of residence, method of family planning, source of drinking water, assistance at delivery, duration of breast feeding and the preceding birth interval.…”