Risk factors for prematurity and premature rupture of membranes: A prospective study of the vaginal flora in pregnancy

Minkoff, Howard; Grünebaum, Amos; Schwarz, Richard H.; Feldman, Joseph; Cummings, Marinella; Crombleholme, William R.; Clark, Lorraine N.; Pringle, George F.; McCormack, William M.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(84)90392-2

Cited by 469 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

203

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Bacteroides has been isolated from the vaginal cultures of women who have infants weighing less than 2,500 g and who are more likely to give birth before 37 weeks' gestation. 82,83 Among women with bacterial vaginosis, the highest risk of preterm delivery of a lowbirth-weight infant was in women who had vaginal cultures positive for both Bacteroides and Mycoplasma hominis. 84 In addition, treatment with metronidazole of asymptomatic pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery who have bacterial vaginosis in the second trimester reduces the incidence of preterm delivery.…”

Section: Bacterial Vaginosis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organisms including G. vaginalis, facultative bacteria, and anaerobes recovered from the endometrial cavity of 60% of women with postpartum endometritis were associated with bacterial vaginosis. 80,83,86 Postpartum wound infection after cesarean section may also occur more commonly in women with bacterial vaginosis. 54 Because of these associated complications, accurate diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is increasingly important in pregnancy and prior to pelvic surgery.…”

Section: Bacterial Vaginosis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

V aginitis is a common medical problem in women that is associated with substantial discomfort and frequent medical visits. Roughly 5 to 10 million office visits per year are attributed to vaginitis. 1 Research in recent years has increased our understanding of the disease process and its potential sequelae and resulted in improved diagnostic and treatment modalities. 2-6 Nevertheless, adequate diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis in the office setting often is problematic for practitioners. 2,5,7-9 Moreover, the availability of over-the-counter medications for fungal vaginitis has increased the likelihood that women will come to medical attention with partially or inadequately treated infections. 10 We will focus on the common infectious causes of vaginal discharge-yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas infection, emphasizing new developments in diagnosis, associated complications, and treatment of these infections.The initial evaluation of vaginal discharge requires an understanding of physiologic vaginal discharge and what differentiates it from abnormal, pathologic discharge. Substances from the vulvar, sebaceous, sweat, Bartholin's and Skene's glands, as well as exfoliated cells, cervical mucus, and secretions of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes constitute the normal physiologic secretions of the vagina. These secretions pool in the posterior fornix and do not adhere to the vaginal walls. 11 The pH of normal vaginal secretions in women of childbearing age is between 3.8 and 4.5. The presence of sperm, blood, amniotic fluid, or cervical mucus raises the vaginal pH. 11 The amount and fluidity of the discharge can vary over the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus becomes more fluid around ovulation, and women frequently mistake this change in consistency for an abnormal discharge. Stress increases the rate of vaginal desquamation and thus the amount of discharge, which patients can also mistake for a pathologic discharge. 12 Women generally do not have other symptoms if their discharge is physiologic.In contrast, a pathologic discharge adheres to the vaginal walls and is often accompanied by irritation, pruritus, odor, or urinary symptoms such as dysuria or frequency. 6 The discharge can be thick to watery and frothy, and white to yellow, gray, or green. 11 Causes of an abnormal discharge include infectious causes of vaginitis such as yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas infection, as well as cervicitis and sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia infection. Noninfectious etiologies include chemical irritants such

show abstract

Section: Bacterial Vaginosis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Vaginosis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This parasite has a worldwide distribution and it infects 250 to 350 million people worldwide [2]. Trichomonose causes a serious discomfort to women, and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, manifested by preterm rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and low-birth-weight infants [3,4], and infertility [5], cervical cancer [6,7], and increase in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus [8][9][10]. Despite several advances that have been made in understanding the interaction between T. vaginalis and host cells, as well as in dissecting the steps in the invasion process [11], the cellular mechanisms of T. vaginalis pathogenesis are not well defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas vaginalis perturbs the junctional complex in epithelial cells

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…and Fusobacterium spp. Minkoff et al (1984) studied 233 women with preterm rupture of membrane (PROM) [14]. They found women colonised with Bacteroides spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Periodontal Infection on Birth Weight of Infants: A Clinical and Microbiological Study*

Kothiwale¹,

Gandhi²

2013

OJMM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Maternal periodontal infection has been proposed to influence pre-term delivery and low birth weight infants through mechanisms involving inflammatory mediators or direct bacterial assault on the amnion. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the presence of periodontal pathogens in maternal periodontal infection and their effect on the birth weight of infants. Materials and Methods: The case-control study included 30 mothers with a singleton gestation and gestational age of >37 weeks. Data regarding the periodontal status, pregnancy outcome variables, hemoglobin levels (Hb%) and other factors that may influence adverse pregnancy outcomes were collected. A qualitative analysis of the predominant anaerobic organisms was conducted. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA test and Scheffe's test. Results: The microbiological results showed that prevalent colonies of organisms isolated from the experimental groups were of Bacteroides spp. (n = 3), Fusobacterium spp. (n = 3) and Peptostreptococcus spp. (n = 9). In the control group, Peptostreptococcus spp. (n = 15) were predominant. In the experimental group, it was seen that Bacteroides spp. (p = 0.003) and Fusobacterium spp. (p = 0.050) were statistically significant with the birth weight of the infant. The one-way ANOVA test showed that the birth weight of the infant was inversely proportionate with increase in severity of the periodontal disease. Scheffe's test showed that presence of a periodontal pocket showed most significance to the birth weight of an infant as compared to presence of local factors or bleeding on probing. Conclusion: The study revealed that the gram negative organisms, Bacteroides spp. and Fusobacterium spp. were significantly associated with the low birth weight (LBW) of the infants, although there was not a significant difference in the clinical periodontal status between the experimental groups and the controls. It could be proposed that specific groups of pathogens may have a contributory role in the risk of LBW.

show abstract

Risk factors for prematurity and premature rupture of membranes: A prospective study of the vaginal flora in pregnancy

Cited by 469 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

Trichomonas vaginalis perturbs the junctional complex in epithelial cells

Effect of Periodontal Infection on Birth Weight of Infants: A Clinical and Microbiological Study*

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About