Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers Including Suspected Deep Tissue Injury in Nursing Home Facility Residents

Abstract

The MDS data support Defloor's model and inform clinicians, educators, researchers, and policymakers on risk factors associated with PrUs and sDTI in NH residents in the United States participating in Medicare and Medicaid.

Measuring the quality of pressure ulcer prevention: A systematic mapping review of quality indicators

“…However, the proportions of these high‐risk groups in acute hospital care appear to be lower compared to aged and long‐term care settings. Evidence indicates that the majority of long‐term care receivers is at a high PU risk due to a number of functional impairments . Thus, the much lower numbers of QIs for this setting is surprising.…”

Racial and ethnic disparities in the healing of pressure ulcers present at nursing home admission

“…Timely healing is also important for reducing health care costs, which, for pressure ulcer treatment, can be substantial (Gallagher, 2011). Pressure ulcers among older individuals in long-term care facilities are a global problem with prevalence ranging from 10% to 30% (Ahn, Cowan, Garvan, Lyon, & Stechmiller, 2016; Bours, Halfens, Abu-Saad, & Gro, 2002; Capon, Pavoni, Mastromattei, & Di Lallo, 2007; Gunningberg, Hommel, Baath, & Idvall, 2013; Lahmann, Halfens, & Dassen, 2005; Levinson, 2014; Tannen, Bours, Halfens, & Dassen, 2006). The overall prevalence of Stage 2 to 4 pressure ulcers at NH admission in the United States (U.S.) ranges between 5%-20% (Baumgarten et al, 2004; Harms et al, 2014), but among minority NH admissions in the U.S., the prevalence is nearly twice that of Whites (Baumgarten et al, 2004; Harms et al, 2014).…”

Pressure injuries in people with darker skin tones: A literature review

“…In Howard and Taylor's () study which analysed Minimum Data Sets (MDSs) in the Atlanta Region from 1999–2002, stage 2 PIs which are visual breaks in the skin (NPUAP, ) were the most common stage on admission, occurring at a rate of 2.6% in the overall study sample. A consistent trend found across a number of the studies reviewed showed that people with DSTs had the highest risk of higher stages of PI (Ahn, Cowan, Garvan, Lyon, & Stechmiller, ; Baumgarten et al., ; Cai et al., ; Fogerty, Guy, Barbul, Nanney, & Abumrad, ; Gerardo et al. ; Harms et al., ; Li, Yin, Cai, Temkin‐Greener, & Mukamel, ; VanGilder, MacFarlane, & Meyer, ).…”

“…The literature revealed significant variation in the terminology used for the description of skin tones (Salcido, ), and there was exclusion and lack of appropriate ethnic minority sample sizes to draw solid conclusions about identification of PIs. In some US‐based studies (Ahn et al., ; Gerardo et al., ; Harms et al., ), figures were collated about people categorised as Hispanics; nonetheless, these do not relate to the population structure of countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia or Europe, meaning that generalisability outside of the USA is restricted.…”

“…Most of the studies (Ahn et al., ; Baumgarten et al., ; Cai et al., ; Fogerty et al., ; Gerardo et al. ; Harms et al., ; Howard & Taylor, ; Li et al., ) were epidemiological, based on retrospective secondary data analysis where statistical analysis was not always used or appropriate.…”