Risk factors for PTSD, anxiety, and depression among adolescents in gaza

Kolltveit, Silje; Lange-Nielsen, Ida Ingridsdatter; Thabet, Abdel Aziz Mousa; Dyregrov, Atle; Pallesen, Ståle; Johnsen, Tom Backer; Laberg, Jon Christian

doi:10.1002/jts.21680

Cited by 117 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Further, the fact that trauma-related memory quality and PTSD symptoms were assessed at the same time is an important limitation for this mediation analysis. Although a measure of PTSD symptoms used in this study (CRIES) has shown adequate reliability and validity in Palestinian samples (Kolltveit et al, 2012), it showed relatively modest reliability in this trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…On this self-report questionnaire, based on DSM-IV criteria, children evaluated on a 4-point scale how often they had experienced a particular symptom over the last two weeks (0 = not at all , 1 = rarely , 3 = sometimes , 5 = often ). CRIES has shown adequate reliability and validity in Palestinian samples (Kolltveit et al, 2012). Cronbach’s α was .63…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Peltonen

Kangaslampi

Saranpää³

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Among adults there is strong evidence about peritraumatic dissociation (PD) predicting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet evidence among children is very limited. It has been suggested that disturbances in memory functioning might explain the association between PD and PTSD, but this has not yet been empirically tested. Objective: We aimed to test the hypotheses that greater PD would be associated with more posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and that some of this association would be mediated by disorganized and non-verbal memories about the traumatic event. Method: The sample included 197 Palestinian children (10–12-years) living in the Gaza Strip, participating in the aftermath of the 2008/9 war. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure PD (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire) three months post-war, as well as trauma-related memory (Trauma Memory Quality Questionnaire) and PTSD symptoms (Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale) six months later. Exposure to war trauma was assessed by a checklist. Structural equation modelling was used to examine direct and indirect paths from PD to posttraumatic PTSS, controlling for number of traumatic war events. Results: Structural equation modelling results showed that greater self-reported PD predicted higher levels of PTSS nine months post-war, and that a significant part, but not all, of this relationship was mediated via the quality of trauma-related memories. Conclusions: This study provided empirical evidence that, among war-affected children, greater PD during traumatic events is linked with higher levels of PTSD symptoms several months later, even when accounting for their personal exposure to war trauma. Further, the study supported the idea that the detrimental effects of dissociation during a traumatic event may be due to dysfunctional memories characterized by disorganization and lack of access to verbal and coherence. Further tests of these hypotheses with larger samples and more points of measurement are called for.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Peltonen

Kangaslampi

Saranpää³

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…In studies with participants from the Middle East, an association is seen between mental disorders and various socioeconomic variables (10, 41–48) and also traumatic events (10, 41, 42, 44, 47). In the present study women had a significantly higher severity of depression and generalized anxiety than men and female gender was a significant predictor for GAD symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mental Distress Among Syrian Refugees With Residence Permission in Germany: A Registry-Based Study

et al. 2018

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Background: High rates of prevalence of mental distress among the Syrian refugee population have been repeatedly confirmed. However, little is known about the influence of length of stay, living conditions, and residence permission in the host country or about the duration of the escape journey and travel conditions on mental health in this refugee population. This study examines the mental health of Syrian refugees, taking into account the circumstances in their country of origin and host country, as well as their escape conditions.Methods: This investigation formed part of a registry-based study. A sample of 518 adult Syrian refugees in Erlangen, Germany, who have residence permission was identified. The response rate was 38.6%; a total of 200 Syrian refugees thus participated in the study. The respondents were investigated for post-traumatic stress disorder (ETI), depression (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7) and post-migration variables.Results: The prevalence of participants who had personally experienced and/or witnessed traumatic events was 75.3%. Symptoms of PTSD were found in 11.4% of the participants. Moderate to severe depression was confirmed in 14.5% and moderate to severe generalized anxiety in 13.5% of the sample. The criteria for at least one diagnosis were met by 30.5% of the participants. More severe PTSD symptoms were associated with older age, shorter validity of the residence permit, larger number of traumatic events (TEs) and higher generalized anxiety symptoms. Depression symptoms were associated with younger age, shorter duration of escape journey, larger number of TEs and higher generalized anxiety symptoms. Generalized anxiety symptoms correlated with female gender, PTSD, and depression symptoms.Conclusions: These findings suggest that Syrian refugees in Germany are a vulnerable population, especially if they have experienced and/or witnessed multiple traumatic events. However, post-migration conditions and positive future prospects in the host country can be protective factors for this population.

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“…Contributory factors to the higher prevalence during adolescence of depressive symptoms and mood disorders among girls compared to boys are age-at-onset and onset of puberty [61-63]. Edwards et al [18] have showed that that pubertal development moderates environmental influences on depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Serotonergic Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Modulation of Mood Disorders

Archer

Blum²,

Ms³

2013

J Genet Syndr Gene Ther

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Background Mood disorders are expressed in many heterogeneous forms, varying from anxiety to severe major clinical depression. The disorders are expressed in individual variety through manifestations governed by co-morbidities, symptom frequency, severity, and duration, and the effects of genes on phenotypes. The underlying etiologies of mood disorders consist of complex interactive operations of genetic and environmental factors. The notion of endophenotypes, which encompasses the markers of several underlying liabilities to the disorders, may facilitate efforts to detect and define, through staging, the genetic risks inherent to the extreme complexity of disease state. Aims This review evaluates the role of genetic biomarkers in assisting clinical diagnosis, identification of risk factors, and treatment of mood disorders. Methods Through a systematic assessment of studies investigating the epigenetic basis for mood disorders, the present review examines the interaction of genes and environment underlying the pathophysiology of these disorders. Results The majority of research findings suggest that the notion of endophenotypes, which encompasses the markers of several underlying liabilities to the disorders, may facilitate efforts to detect and define, through staging, the genetic risks inherent to the extreme complexity of the disease states. Several strategies under development and refinement show the propensity for derivation of essential elements in the etiopathogenesis of the disorders affecting drug-efficacy, drug metabolism, and drug adverse effects, e.g., with regard to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. These include: transporter gene expression and genes encoding receptor systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis factors, neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory factors affecting neuroimmune function. Nevertheless, procedural considerations of pharmacogenetics presume the parallel investment of policies and regulations to withstand eventual attempts at misuse, thereby ensuring patient integrity. Conclusions Identification of genetic biomarkers facilitates choice of treatment, prediction of response, and prognosis of outcome over a wide spectrum of symptoms associated with affective states, thereby optimizing clinical practice procedures. Epigenetic regulation of primary brain signaling, e.g., serotonin and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, and factors governing their metabolism are necessary considerations. The participation of neurotrophic factors remains indispensable for neurogenesis, survival, and functional maintenance of brain systems.

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Risk factors for PTSD, anxiety, and depression among adolescents in gaza

Cited by 117 publications

References 39 publications

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Prevalence of Mental Distress Among Syrian Refugees With Residence Permission in Germany: A Registry-Based Study

Epigenetic Modulation of Mood Disorders

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