Risk factors for rabies in Côte d'Ivoire

Tetchi, Mathilde; Coulibaly, Madikiny; Kallo, Vessaly; Traoré, Gnamien Sylvain; Tiembré, I.; Benié, J.; Gerber, Felix; Saric, Jasmina; Léchenne, Monique; Zinsstag, Jakob; Bonfoh, Bassirou

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105711

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the major factor for treatment abandonment is "a lack of financial means" (7,8). In 2016, a strong partnership was formed through the Rage-GAVI project to estimate the burden of rabies in Côte d'Ivoire (4) The research to estimate rabies cases was carried out in the areas of Bouaké and San-Pedro, two cities with a high rabies burden (4,8,9). At the time, the Zagreb and Essen treatment protocols were in use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determinants of Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis Drop-Out in the Region of San-Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the fact that death from rabies is 100% preventable with a course of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment, canine rabies still causes about 59,000 human deaths worldwide annually, half of which are occurring in Africa. In Côte d'Ivoire, rabies remains a threat partly due to the high drop-out rate of the life-saving human PEP treatment among people exposed to dog bites. Each year, half of the victims starting treatment, do not complete the course. The current study therefore assessed the determinants for drop-out of the life-saving treatment among people exposed to rabies in the department of San-Pedro in Côte d'Ivoire.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was used, including questionnaires, observation, individual interviews and focus group discussions, to gather socio-demographic and economic data from 235 participants about possible reasons for abandoning treatment. The study population consisted of patients and medical and veterinary health professionals who were selected using stratified sampling and purposive selection from a database available at the Rabies Center of San Pedro.ResultThe drop-out of PEP treatment was related to perception bias and a habit of low attendance of health care and vaccination centers in the population. Quantitative analysis shows differences between rural and urban areas and an association with age when it comes to treatment completion. The dropout rate was most significant among patients who, in case of other illness, did not routinely see a doctor or go to vaccination centers. The rate of abandonment was higher among those who believed that dog-related injuries could be easily treated at home, and who believed that a person with rabies could be cured without completing the preventive treatment. Insufficient provision of health information on rabies and logistic constraints related to the practical organization of treatment, including the long distance to the anti-rabies center and weaknesses in the patient follow-up procedure, did not contribute to the completion of PEP.ConclusionEstablished determinants for drop-out provide a framework for effective design and implementation of rabies control strategies to accelerate rabies deaths elimination efforts. In particular, access to PEP and community knowledge about rabies need to be improved and integrated in the health system and education system, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A the end of the intervention, the rate of non-adherence had decreased for all three protocols, reducing the dropout rate from 50 to 35% (9,11). A large majority (78%) of the patients chose the Thai Red Cross protocol offered free of charge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis Drop-Out in the Region of San-Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lyssaviruses are present in all continents, but the risk of human infection is much higher where rabies is endemic in the dog population, with 95% of cases occurring in Africa and Asia [37,38]. Almost half of human cases occur in children [39][40][41]; among adults, males are reported as the most affected [34,42]. Dogs represent the main reservoir, followed by other wild animals (bats, foxes, racoons, skunks, coyotes) [43][44][45].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in Europe: An epidemiological and clinical update

Riccardi

Giacomelli

Antonello

et al. 2021

European Journal of Internal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rabies is a vaccine preventable zoonotic disease with a significant mortality burden worldwide. Several years of vaccination campaigns in wildlife animals have now achieved the control of rabies in Western Europe through a vaccination belt in front of endemic Eastern European countries. Nevertheless, rabies could be imported both by travellers from areas without an active public control of the disease or by animals coming from areas where the virus circulates in wildlife fauna. The knowledge of the current world epidemiology combined with a high index of clinical suspicion are needed to reach a diagnosis of rabies, especially in case of atypical presentation or without a history of animal exposure. The pre-travel counselling to people visiting highly endemic areas is essential to give information on how to reduce exposure to potential sources of infection and to select those subjects who could benefit from pre-travel vaccination. Rabies is almost invariably fatal, but the prompt administration of a vaccine course combined with anti-rabies immunoglobulins significantly reduces the probability to develop life-threatening consequences. In this review, we give a brief epidemiological and clinical update about rabies in Europe.

show abstract

“…By their number and severity, dog bites are a major public health problem and only vaccination of mostly biting dogs could limit zoonotic transmission of rabies (Kaare et al, 2009;Nodari et al, 2017;Zinsstag et al, 2017). Two-thirds of the bites involve children under 15 years of age (Mège et al, 2004;Tetchi et al, 2020;Weyer et al, 2020) with two age groups, 1 to 4 and 10 to 13 years, which are most affected and most exposed to dog bites (Bordas et al, 2002;Chevallier and Sznajder, 2006;Sondo et al, 2015). They are very vulnerable to bites with lesions more specifically on the head and neck (Bordas et al, 2002;Ostanello et al, 2005), which can lead to physical, aesthetic and psychological sequelae (Kahn et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kenya, 93% of bites were attributed to dogs, 78% of which were stray dogs (Ngugi et al, 2018). The disease is therefore endemic to the African continent (Reta et al, 2014;Tetchi et al, 2020). However, vaccination coverage in dogs remains very low and most dogs are stray (Hergert et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies virus in biting dogs and behaviour at risk of zoonotic transmission of rabies in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Tialla¹

2021

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rabies is an infectious, viral disease, usually inoculable by dog bite and common to humans and other mammals. It is a major zoonosis but neglected especially inAfrica. However, it is the most serious and feared zoonosis in the world because once declared it leads inevitably to death. The objective of this study was to search for rabies virus in biting dogs received in 2020 at the veterinary clinic of the National School of Livestock and Animal Health and behaviour at risk of zoonotic transmission of rabies in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. To do this, all bite dogs conducted at the veterinary clinic of the National School of Livestock and Animal Health between January 1 and December 31, 2020 were included in the study. These dogs were observed for 15 days. The bite dogs that died during the observation were sampled. Their brains were collected aseptically and brain smears were prepared and subjected to fluorescent antibody testing. The virus was identified using the immunofluorescence technique as recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. In total, 577 dog biters were recorded. Of the 577 biters observed, 246 42.6% [95% CI: 40.4-44.8]. Of the 246 bite dogs that died during observation 232 94.3% [95% CI: 92.1-96.5] were confirmed positive for immunofluorescence testing. Rabies virus was found in 40.2% (232/577) [95% CI: 38.2-42.2]. Test positivity was significantly associated with age, sex, breed, breeding conditions and vaccination status of the biting dog. The most common risk behaviours observed among bite dog owners were: letting children have fun with the stray and/or unvaccinated dog; letting the stray and/or unvaccinated dog lick the children's wounds; get the sores licked by the stray and/or unvaccinated dog; do not wash the sore thoroughly with soap and water after dog bite and eat the undercooked dog meat. Since rabies is a major zoonotic disease once reported, there is no treatment, adequate measures such as raising awareness among children and the general population are needed. Dog owners must vaccinate their dogs against rabies. Municipalities must be heavily involved in the fight against rabies by limiting the rambling of animals and put out of order stray dogs.

show abstract

Risk factors for rabies in Côte d'Ivoire

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Determinants of Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis Drop-Out in the Region of San-Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire

Determinants of Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis Drop-Out in the Region of San-Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire

Rabies in Europe: An epidemiological and clinical update

Rabies virus in biting dogs and behaviour at risk of zoonotic transmission of rabies in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About