Risk Factors for Readmission Following Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Oncology Patients

Abstract

Febrile neutropenia is the most common reason for admission from the emergency department for pediatric oncology patients. We identified pediatric inpatients age 1 to 21 years with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis code of malignancy and either fever with neutropenia or fever alone over a 6-year period (2007-2012) using the PHIS+ database. We evaluated factors associated with readmission within 7 days after index hospitalization. There were 4029 index hospitalizations among 2349 patients in 6 hospitals, 294 encounters (7.3%) were followed by readmission within 7 days. Factors associated with increased odds of readmission included being in the lowest quartile for median household income (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, P = 0.009), diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (OR = 1.37, P = 0.016), lack of anerobic coverage during index hospitalization (OR = 1.48, P = 0.026), and absolute neutrophil count <200 cells/μL at discharge from index hospitalizations (OR = 1.55, P = 0.008). Patients who required readmission had a longer median length of stay and greater hospitalization costs during the index hospitalization. There was a trend towards increasing hospitalization rates for febrile neutropenia over time. While absolute neutrophil count is incorporated into many risk stratification strategies for fever management, further work should focus on addressing socioeconomic factors which may impact readmission rates.

Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology

“…Therefore, most of these chemotherapies are currently utilized at doses and treatment schedules that are meant to achieve tumor reduction via maximal tolerable dose 276–279 rather than a balance between short-term (tumor reduction) and long-term (anti-cancer immunity) effects. In this sense, overcoming some common side effects of chemotherapies that can also counteract ICD, i.e., neutropenia, 280–284 lymphopenia 285–289 and intestinal mucositis 290–292 , should be prioritized via more tumor-targeted delivery of chemotherapies through nanoparticles or other controlled delivery methods 293 , 294 .…”