Risk factors for resumption of postpartum estrous cycles and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows

Santos, J.E.P.; Rutigliano, Heloísa M.; Filho, Manoel Francisco de Sá

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.014

Cited by 302 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Corroborating the results from the present study, others have shown an association between parity and the presence of cystic structures (Erb and Martin, 1980;Zulu and Penny, 1998;Roche, 2006), embryonic death (Santos et al, 2009) as well as a deterioration in uterine health (Dubuc et al, 2010). The increased incidence of cystic structures in older parity cows could be potentially related to their greater milk production and its known effect on the presence of cystic structures (Zulu and Penny, 1998).…”

Section: Paritysupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Decomposing traditional fertility traits into more detailed phenotypes may help to understand and therefore improve fertility more rapidly in both dairy and beef cattle breeding programmes. The ability to resume cyclicity postpartum measured by progesterone levels (Opsomer et al, 2000, Santos et al, 2009) and uterine health measured by uterine fluid (Sheldon et al, 2008) have been previously shown to affect reproductive performance. However, these methods are difficult and expensive to collect for on-farm decision support tools and for large-scale data collection for breeding programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have documented parity to be associated with the resumption of cycling in both dairy (Rhodes et al, 2003;Santos et al, 2009;Gautam et al, 2010) and beef (Stevenson et al, 1997) cows. The postpartum interval to return to normal ovarian cyclicity was longer in primiparous cows compared with multiparous cows (Santos et al, 2009). This longer interval to resumption of cyclicity in primiparous cows has been linked to greater nutritional stress in younger cows due to requirements for growth and lactation (Lucy, 2001;Rhodes et al, 2003).…”

Section: Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Carthy

Berry

Fitzgerald

et al. 2014

Animal

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The objective of this study was to identify detailed fertility traits in dairy and beef cattle from transrectal ultrasonography records and quantify the associated risk factors. Data were available on 148 947 ultrasound observations of the reproductive tract from 75 949 cows in 843 Irish dairy and beef herds between March 2008 and October 2012. Traits generated included (1) cycling at time of examination, (2) cystic structures, (3) early ovulation, (4) embryo death and (5) uterine score; the latter was measured on a scale of 1 (good) to 4 (poor) characterising the tone of the uterine wall and fluid present in the uterus. After editing, 72 773 records from 44 415 dairy and beef cows in 643 herds remained. Factors associated with the logit of the probability of a positive outcome for each of the binary fertility traits were determined using generalised estimating equations; linear mixed model analysis was used for the analysis of uterine score. The prevalence of cycling, cystic structures, early ovulation and embryo death was 84.75%, 3.87%, 7.47% and 3.84%, respectively. The occurrence of the uterine heath score of 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 70.63%, 19.75%, 8.36% and 1.26%, respectively. Cows in beef herds had a 0.51 odds (95% CI = 0.41 to 0.63, P < 0.001) of cycling at the time of examination compared with cows in dairy herds; stage of lactation at the time of examination was the same in both herd types. Furthermore, cows in dairy herds had an inferior uterine score (indicating poorer tone and a greater quantity of uterine fluid present) compared with cows in beef herds. The likelihood of cycling at the time of examination increased with parity and stage of lactation, but was reduced in cows that had experienced dystocia in the previous calving. The presence of cystic structures on the ovaries increased with parity and stage of lactation. The likelihood of embryo/foetal death increased with parity and stage of lactation. Dystocia was not associated with the presence of cystic structures or embryo death. Uterine score improved with parity and stage of lactation, while cows that experienced dystocia in the previous calving had an inferior uterine score. Heterosis was the only factor associated with increased likelihood of early ovulation. The fertility traits identified, and the associated risk factors, provide useful information on the reproductive status of dairy and beef cows.

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Section: Paritysupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Carthy

Berry

Fitzgerald

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…Indeed in the traditional 12 months lactation cycle systems, insemination occurs during peak milk yield when most of the cows are in negative energy balance and mobilize body reserves leading to high reproduction failure (Santos et al, 2009). However, Holstein cows respond individually to the extended lactation management regarding their propensity to gain weight and in their level of feed intake (Kolver et al, 2007;Grainger et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of live weight adjusted feeding strategy on plasma indicators of energy balance in Holstein cows managed for extended lactation

Gaillard

Vestergaard

Weisbjerg

et al. 2016

animal

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In early lactation, most of the dairy cows are in negative energy balance; the extent and duration depend in part on the feeding strategy. Previous studies showed an increased lactation milk yield by use of a live weight (LW) adjusted feeding strategy with a high energy diet before and a reduced energy diet after LW nadir compared with a standard diet throughout lactation. The objective of the present study was to examine how such an individualized feeding strategy affects plasma indicators of energy status. It was hypothesized that an energy-enriched diet until LW nadir will reduce the severity of the negative energy balance, and that the reduction in diet energy concentration from LW nadir will extend the negative energy balance period further. Sixty-two Holstein cows (30% first parity) were managed for 16 months extended lactation and randomly allocated to one of two feeding strategies at calving. Two partially mixed rations were used, one with a high energy density (HD) and a 50 : 50 forage : concentrate ratio, and one with a lower energy density (LD, control diet) and a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate ratio. Half of the cows were offered the HD diet until they reached at least 42 days in milk and a LW gain ⩾ 0 kg/day based on a 5-days LW average, and were then shifted to the LD diet (strategy HD-LD). The other half of the cows were offered the LD diet throughout lactation (control strategy LD-LD). Weekly blood samples were drawn for analysis of plasma metabolites and hormones. Before the shift in diet, the HD-LD cows had higher glucose and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations than the LD-LD cows. After the shift until 36 weeks after calving, plasma NEFA was higher in HD-LD than LD-LD cows. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 were not affected by the feeding strategy. To conclude, in early lactation, the energy-enriched diet reduced the negative energy balance. Plasma NEFA was higher in HD-LD than LD-LD cows from diet shift until 36 weeks after calving, indicating a carry-over effect of the early lactation HD diet to late lactation metabolism.

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Diseases that Affect the Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cattle

Meléndez

2011

Dairy Production Medicine

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From an economic point of view, a successful reproductive program on a dairy farm increases the number of pregnant animals in a timely manner at the end of the voluntary waiting period. Peripartal diseases and those that occur during lactation disturb this process by affecting health, delaying resumption of cyclicity, and lowering conception risk and embryo survival. This chapter discusses common diseases that affect the reproductive process of lactating dairy cows.

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Risk factors for resumption of postpartum estrous cycles and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows

Cited by 302 publications

References 33 publications

Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Effects of live weight adjusted feeding strategy on plasma indicators of energy balance in Holstein cows managed for extended lactation

Diseases that Affect the Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cattle

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