Risk factors for scabies in Taiwan

Wang, Chun‐Hao; Lee, Sai-Cheong; Huang, Shiang‐Fu; Kao, Yi Chin; See, Lai‐Chu; Yang, Sheng-Chun

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.003

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nevertheless, we are uncertain whether this is a genuine situation territory-wide or whether pediatric scabies patients were being managed in the primary care and outpatient settings and, hence, scabies may not have been diagnosed by our hospital-based laboratories. As noted previously in the literature, we also found that dementia and other debilitating neurological conditions (resulting in a bedridden sta- tus) were prevalent among our scabietic patients, with a substantial proportion (13.6% of all episodes) of recurrent infections being detected (36,37). Most of these recurrent episodes probably represented reinfections rather than treatment failure with permethrin or benzoyl benzoate emulsion, because the majority of these episodes occurred months to years apart (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

et al. 2015

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c Scabies remains the most prevalent, endemic, and neglected ectoparasitic infestation globally and can cause institutional outbreaks. The sensitivity of routine microscopy for demonstration of Sarcoptes scabiei mites or eggs in skin scrapings is only about 50%. Except for three studies using conventional or two-tube nested PCR on a small number of cases, no systematic study has been performed to improve the laboratory diagnosis of this important infection. We developed a conventional and a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of S. scabiei. The cox1 gene is relatively well conserved, with its sequence having no high levels of similarity to the sequences of other human skin mites, pathogenic zoonotic mites, or common house dust mite species. This mitochondrial gene is also present in large quantities in arthropod cells, potentially improving the sensitivity of a PCR-based assay. In our study, both assays were specific and were more sensitive than microscopy in diagnosing scabies, with positive and negative predictive values of 100%. The S. scabiei DNA copy number in the microscopy-positive specimens was significantly higher than that in the microscopy-negative specimens (median S. scabiei DNA copy number, 3.604 versus 2.457 log 10 copies per reaction; P ‫؍‬ 0.0213). In the patient with crusted scabies, the qPCR assay performed on lesional skin swabs instead of scrapings revealed that the parasite DNA load took about 2 weeks to become negative after treatment. The utility of using lesional skin swabs as an alternative sample for diagnosis of scabies by PCR should be further evaluated. Scabies remains a significant infectious problem worldwide and is a problem not merely in developing countries but also in the developed world. An estimated 300 million cases of scabies occur globally every year, with scabies having a particular association with young children, poor hygiene, homelessness, crowdedness, and poverty in the tropical and subtropical regions (1). The prevalence of scabies in some populations, such as Australian aborigines, can be as high as 25 to 50%, and the burden of disease and morbidity are further aggravated by complications with bacterial pyoderma, including that caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2, 3). In developed countries, scabies causes significant public health issues in vulnerable individuals, such as individuals at the extremes of ages and immunocompromised hosts. For example, an estimated incidence of 233 to 470 per 100,000 person-years was reported in a national study conducted from 1994 to 2003 in England (4). In addition, outbreaks readily occur in the community in schools, hospitals (including intensive care units), and other institutions (5-10). Among immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-infected individuals, organ transplant recipients, and patients on biologics or other immunosuppressive therapies, scabies can occur as an unrecognized complication with considerable delays in diagnosis and...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

et al. 2015

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“…The addition of the symptom “skin condition” resulted from the suggestion of several clinical experts. This may be due to the high incidence of NH residents acquiring scabies (OR = 9.89, p < .001) (Wang et al., ) and pressure sores (Fossum, Söderhamn, Cliffordson, & Söderhamn, ). Our results also revealed that skin problems (6.38%) were a frequent reason for NH‐to‐ER transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, validation and testing of a nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist

Tsai

2017

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…A study from the 1980s in Bangladesh has described an extremely high incidence in preschool children; the vast majority of children had experienced at least one infestation per year [23]. In contrast, the disease occurs sporadically in high-income countries, particularly in kindergarten children, psychiatry settings, and institutionalized elderly, where outbreaks can often be traced back to singular or a few index patients [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Particular Epidemiological Features In Resource-poor Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of scabies in resource-poor communities

Heukelbach¹,

Mazigo²,

Ugbomoiko³

2013

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Risk factors for scabies in Taiwan

Abstract: To prevent scabies, proper management of the nursing home setting, including adequate cleaning of the contaminated clothing, bedding and equipment, in combination with treating all suspected scabies patients, and contact isolation are important and necessary.

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

Development, validation and testing of a nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist

Impact of scabies in resource-poor communities

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