Risk Factors for Short Stature Among Children Aged 0-24 Months in Surakarta

Abstract

Abstract—This study aims to to examine the risk factors of stunting children aged 0-24 months in Surakata in order to prevent stunting as early as possible. This research was an observational with a cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted in several Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) under the guidance of Sangkrah Health Care, Nusukan Health Care, Pucang Sawit Health Care, Penumping Health Care, and Jayengan Health Care in September- October 2018. Sampling was conducted by by consecutive sampling method. Baby’s body length was measured with an infantometer. Risk factors were obtained through interviews using questionares on mothers. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 with bivariate test (multiple logistic regression). The total correspondents were 139 samples with 128 samples met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bivariate analysis results showed a significant relationship between stunting and risk factors for low birth weight, premature baby, and short maternal height. Multivariate analysis showed that the short mother’s height factor was the most dominant factor influencing stunting. Short maternal stature (height<145cmm) is the most dominant factor influencing stunting in children aged 0-24 months in Surakarta City.
 Keywords: short stature, risk factors
 Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti faktor risiko perawakan pendek pada anak usia 0-24 bulan di Kota Surakarta agar dapat mencegah terjadinya perawakan pendek sedini mungkin. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan desain studi cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di beberapa Posyandu Balita Binaan Puskesmas Sangkrah, Puskesmas Nusukan, Puskesmas Pucang Sawit, Puskesmas Penumping, dan Puskesmas Jayengan pada bulan September – Oktober 2018. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pengukuran panjang badan bayi dilakukan dengan infantometer. Faktor risiko didapatkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner pada ibu. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS versi 23 dengan uji bivariat (uji Chi-Square dan uji Fisher-exact), dan uji multivariat (regresi logistik berganda). Total responden adalah 139 sampel dengan 128 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil Analisis Bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara perawakan pendek dengan faktor risiko berat badan lahir rendah, umur kehamilan prematur, dan tinggi badan ibu pendek. Hasil Analisis Multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor tinggi badan ibu pendek menjadi faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi perawakan pendek. Tinggi badan ibu pendek (tinggi<145 cm) merupakan faktor yang paling dominan memengaruhi perawakan pendek pada anak usia 0-24 bulan di Kota Surakarta.
 Kata kunci: perawakan pendek, faktor risiko