Risk factors for shoulder injuries with or without past history in collegiate rugby players

Abstract

To examine risk factors for shoulder injuries with or without history of the injuries using the stratification analysis for collegiate rugby players. 71 elite rugby players from one university rugby club joined in the preseason medical screening related to their shoulder joints, including basic demographics, history of injuries, and physical findings at that time. Subsequently, the occurrence of shoulder injuries was recorded during four playing seasons. Analysis was stratified with or without history of the injuries; player without the past history of injury, 47 players; player with the past history of injury, 24 players. As a result of all players with the past history, 13 players sustained the shoulder injuries. Internal rotational range of motion [IR ROM] (OR, 1.5; 95%CI, 1.13-1.96; p=0.004), external rotational range of motion [ER ROM] (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.21-2.87; p=0.005), horizontal flexion range of motion [HF ROM] (OR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.03-1.64; p=0.025), IR muscle strength (OR, 0.4; 95%CI, p=0.001) and rugby experience (OR, 1.2; 95%CI, 1.02-1.46; p=0.032) were associated with the shoulder injuries. On the other hand, 10 players sustained injuries of the players without the past history of injury. IR muscle strength (OR, 0.3; 95%CI, p=0.008) and rugby experience (OR, 1.4; 95%CI, 1.11-1.66; p=0.003) were associated with the shoulder injuries. This study clearly showed that IR, ER, HF ROM, IR muscle strength and rugby experience were important initial risk factors for shoulder injuries. Moreover, IR muscle strength and rugby experience were important recurrence risk factors for shoulder injuries.

Sports Injury Surveillance Systems and Guidelines in Japan: A Systematic Review

“…Three of the 23 articles targeted study populations within multiple sports settings 28 31 50 , five within the rugby union 38 39 40 42 43 , four within football 25 35 36 37 , three within American football 23 46 47 , three within basketball 24 34 49 , one within lacrosse 32 , one within badminton 26 , one within baseball 48 , one within handball 33 , and one within swimming 27 . Only one of the 23 studies recorded data on professional athletes 35 , whereas the remaining studies focus on non-professional athletes (university athletes: n=17, high school athletes: n=1, junior high school athletes: n=1, elementary school athletes: n=2, and athletes ranging from junior high school to university level: n=1) 23 24 25 26 27 28 31 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 46 47 48 49 50 . Seven articles included data for both male and female athletes 24 26 28 31 33 49 50 , 10 described data regarding only male athletes 23 35 38 39 40 42 43 46 47…”

“…Forty-four articles did not describe any sports ISSs or ISGs, one did not report sports injury data, three had retrospective study designs, 11 described surveillance systems that had ceased operation or were not ongoing, and seven presented duplicated information. The search process identified 28 studies, including six English articles 23 24 25 26 27 28 and 22 Japanese articles 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 , that met the inclusion criteria. A flow diagram of the screening and selection process of the studies is shown in Fig 1 .…”

“…Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries [35][36][37] ISG 3. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures for studies of injuries in rugby union [38][39][40]42,43] Table 3 shows a summary of the articles that used the ISSs and ISGs developed overseas for surveillance among sports in Japan. The studies were published between 2009 and 2021.…”

“…Three of the 23 articles targeted study populations within multiple sports settings [28,31,50], five within the rugby union [38][39][40]42,43], four within football [25,[35][36][37], three within…”

“…National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System [23][24][25][46][47][48][49] International Ski Federation Injury Surveillance System [50] International Olympic Committee injury surveillance system for multisports events [31][32][33] Union of European Football Associations Champions League Injury Study [26] Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center overuse and health problem questionnaires [27,28,34] Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries [35][36][37] Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures for studies of injuries in rugby union [38][39][40]42-43] ▶ table 3 shows a summary of the articles that used the ISSs and ISGs developed overseas for surveillance among sports in Japan. The studies were published between 2009 and 2021.…”