Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia: systematic review and clinical recommendations

Popović, Dina; Benabarre, Antoni; Crespo, José Manuel; Goikolea, J. M.; González‐Pinto, Ana; Gutiérrez‐Rojas, Luis; Montes, José Manuel García; Vieta, Eduard

doi:10.1111/acps.12332

Cited by 141 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…These findings are in line with findings from non-European countries where second-generation Latinos where found to attempt suicide more than first-generation Latinos. Researchers suggested that it might be due to acculturative stress [9]. This raises the following questions: do second-generation immigrants experience higher levels of acculturative stress than first generation immigrants?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have found that immigration may act as a risk factor for suicide [8,9]. Other studies have suggested that immigration might act as a protective factor against suicide [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examination of Mexican immigrants in the US revealed that higher levels of acculturative stress expressed by Mexican immigrants were associated with higher risk of experiencing suicidal ideation [9]. However, one study suggested that it might not necessarily be acculturation that plays the main role in young immigrant girls' suicidal behaviour [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, a number of studies have been conducted in the US [12,9]. Thus, little is known about suicide among immigrants in Europe despite the increase in the number of immigrants in Europe in the recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Immigrants in Europe: A Literature Review

Demetry¹,

Dalal²

2017

J Depress Anxiety

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have found that immigration may act as a risk factor for suicide [8,9]. Other studies have suggested that immigration might act as a protective factor against suicide [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Immigrants in Europe: A Literature Review

Demetry¹,

Dalal²

2017

J Depress Anxiety

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“…Although suicide has a role in the shorter life expectancy [2], a large proportion of the early deaths are the result of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [3]. In comparison with the general population, the deaths of more than two-thirds of schizophrenia patients are the result of CVD [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QT dispersion and P wave dispersion in schizophrenia

Baykara

Yılmaz

Baykara

2018

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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BACKGROUND: The difference between maximum QT (QTmax) and minimum (QTmin) on electrocardiography (ECG) is known as QT dispersion (QTd). An increase in QTd carries the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and subsequent death. P wave dispersion (Pd) shows the difference between maximum P (Pmax) and minimum P (Pmin). Prolonged P wave duration and an increase in Pd are a risk for irregular electrical transmission and atrial fibrillation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine QTd and Pd values which indicate atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia in schizophrenia patients with whom cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are seen at a higher rate than the general population.

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Self-Harm and Suicide Rates Before and After an Early Intervention Program for Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia

Chai,

Tang,

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceEvidence on the association of early intervention services (EISs) with self-harm and suicide among patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) at older than 25 years is lacking.ObjectiveTo examine changes in self-harm and suicide rates among patients with FES before and after the implementation of an EIS program.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study conducted among 37 040 patients aged 15 to 64 years with FES between January 1, 2001, and March 31, 2020, used electronic medical records from the Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System. All patients were followed up from the first diagnosis of schizophrenia (the index date) until the date of their death or the end of the study period (March 31, 2021), whichever came first. Statistical analysis was performed from July to November 2023.ExposureThe EIS extended the Early Assessment Service for Young People With Early Psychosis (EASY) program from patients aged 15 to 25 years to those aged 15 to 64 years (EASY Plus). The exposure was the implementation of the EASY Plus program in April 2011. The exposure period was defined as between April 2012 and March 2021 for the 1-year-time-lag analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcomes were monthly rates of self-harm and suicide among patients with FES before and after the implementation of the EASY Plus program. Interrupted time series analysis was used for the main analysis.ResultsThis study included 37 040 patients with FES (mean [SD] age at onset, 39 [12] years; 82.6% older than 25 years; 53.0% female patients). The 1-year-time-lag analysis found an immediate decrease in self-harm rates among patients aged 26 to 44 years (rate ratio [RR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.59-1.00]) and 45 to 64 years (RR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.49-1.00]) and among male patients (RR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.56-0.91]). A significant long-term decrease in self-harm rates was found for all patients with FES (patients aged 15-25 years: RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-1.00]; patients aged 26-44 years: RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-0.99]; patients aged 45-64 years: RR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.98]). Suicide rates decreased immediately after the implementation of the EASY Plus program among patients aged 15 to 25 years (RR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.14-0.77]) and 26 to 44 years (RR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.20-0.73]). Compared with the counterfactual scenario, the EASY Plus program might have led to 6302 fewer self-harm episodes among patients aged 26 to 44 years.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of the EASY Plus program suggests that the extended EIS was associated with reduced self-harm and suicide rates among all patients with FES, including those older than 25 years. These findings emphasize the importance of developing tailored interventions for patients across all age ranges to maximize the benefits of EISs.

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Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia: systematic review and clinical recommendations

Cited by 141 publications

References 83 publications

Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Immigrants in Europe: A Literature Review

Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Immigrants in Europe: A Literature Review

QT dispersion and P wave dispersion in schizophrenia

Self-Harm and Suicide Rates Before and After an Early Intervention Program for Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia

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