Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type

Coupland, Carol; Chilvers, Clair; Davey, Gwyneth K.; Pike, Malcolm C.; Oliver, R.T.D.; Forman, David

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690611

Cited by 70 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Cryptorchidism in children with GCTs has been noted previously in case series and reports (Li and Fraumeni, 1972;Huddart et al, 1990;Mukai et al, 1998) and in isolated cases in studies with comparison groups (Johnston et al, 1986;Wanderas et al, 1998). The excess risk in this study was primarily confined to gonadal tumours, with increased risks evident for seminomas, yolk-sac tumours, and other non-seminomas, which is consistent with what has been reported for adults (Coupland et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Paediatric germ cell tumours and congenital abnormalities: a Children's Oncology Group study

et al. 2009

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METHODS: Maternally reported congenital abnormalities (CAs) were examined in a case -control study of 278 cases of paediatric germ cell tumours (GCTs) and 423 controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Germ cell tumours were significantly associated with cryptorchidism in males (OR ¼ 10.8, 95% CI: 2.1 -55.1), but not with any other specific CA in either sex. The risk factors for paediatric germ cell tumours (GCTs), which comprise a histologically heterogeneous group of tumours affecting an estimated 360 individuals o15 years of age each year in the United States (Bernstein et al, 1999; US Census Bureau, 2007), have not been well described (Bernstein et al, 1999). However, congenital abnormalities (CAs) have often been reported in association with GCTs in case series and in record linkage studies (Li and Fraumeni, 1972;Fraumeni et al, 1973;Li et al, 1973;Birch et al, 1982;Mann et al, 1993;Altmann et al, 1998;Little, 1999;Nishi et al, 2000;Merks et al, 2005;Bjorge et al, 2008;Rankin et al, 2008). The presence of cryptorchidism is a confirmed risk factor for testicular GCTs in men (Sarma et al, 2006), but its association with paediatric GCTs has not been as well studied. We evaluated the association between certain CAs and childhood GCTs by sex, age at diagnosis, anatomical location, and histology in a Children's Oncology Group (COG) study. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Minnesota and by the participating COG institutions. Details regarding this study have been described previously (Chen et al, 2005). Briefly, GCT cases with malignant extracranial tumours, diagnosed from the time of birth to 14 years of age between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2001, were ascertained from US and Canadian COG hospitals. Eligible diagnoses were dysgerminoma-seminoma-germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumour, choriocarcinoma, malignant teratoma, and mixed GCTs. Controls were recruited through random digit dialling, and frequency was matched to cases on sex and birth year ± 1 year, at ratios of approximately 1 : 2 for males and 1 : 1 for females. Cases and controls were eligible if they had a telephone in their residence and if their biological mother spoke English and consented to an interview. Participation rates were 81 and 67% for cases and controls, respectively. Exposure information was collected from mothers by telephone interview, including the seven CA categories shown in Table 3. Statistical analysesWe used SAS version 9.1. (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) to conduct statistical analyses. Statistical differences in the frequency or means of sociodemographic and infant characteristics between cases and controls were assessed using Mantel -Haenszel w 2 tests and one-way analysis of variance. We used unconditional logistic regression to examine the associations between CAs and GCTs, adjusting for the matching factors, sex and child's age. We conducted analyses stratified by sex, age at diagnosis (p2, 42 years), tumour histology, and anatomical locat...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Paediatric germ cell tumours and congenital abnormalities: a Children's Oncology Group study

et al. 2009

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“…2,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] While both factors seem to play a role in this disease, at present their relative importance is not clear. We have previously mentioned differences among races.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors

2005

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“…Some case -control studies conducted analysis separated by seminomas and non-seminomas (Moss et al, 1986;Swerdlow et al, 1987a,b;Prener et al, 1992;Akre et al, 1996;Skakkebaek, 1996, 1997;Sabroe and Olsen, 1998;Wanderas et al, 1998;Coupland et al, 1999;Weir et al, 2000), but results were not consistent and only part of them were in favour of etiological heterogeneities (Moss et al, 1986;Swerdlow et al, 1987a,b;Akre et al, 1996;Coupland et al, 1999). Most of these previous studies included a limited number of subjects with a little power to perform subgroup analyses.…”

Section: Heterogeneity Between Seminomas and Non-seminomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal determinants of germ-cell testicular cancer in relation to histological subtypes

et al. 2002

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We aimed to investigate the role of perinatal determinants on the risk for germ-cell testicular cancer, with respect to the aetiological heterogeneity between seminomas and non-seminomas. A case -control study of 628 case patients with testicular cancer (308 seminomas and 320 non-seminomas) and 2309 individually matched controls was nested within a cohort of boys born from 1920 to 1980 in two Swedish regions (Uppsala-Ö rebro Health Care Region and Stockholm). Cases were diagnosed from 1958 to 1998 and were identified through the Swedish National Cancer Registry. Perinatal information on cases and controls was collected through charts available at maternity wards. Gestational duration, categorised in three categories (537, 37 -41, 441 weeks), was negatively associated with the risk for testicular cancer (P value for linear trend=0.008). A protective effect of long gestational duration and an increased risk for high birth weight were found for seminomas. Non-seminomas were associated with short gestational duration, particularly among those with low birth order (odds ratio: 3.02, 95% confidence intervals: 1.53 -5.97) and high maternal age (odds ratio: 2.33, 95% confidence intervals: 1. 19 -4.55). No significant differences were found in tests for heterogeneity between the two histological groups. Our data support the hypothesis that intrauterine environment affects the risk for germ-cell testicular cancer. Seminomas and nonseminomas seemed to have similar risk patterns, although they are not entirely congruent.

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Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Paediatric germ cell tumours and congenital abnormalities: a Children's Oncology Group study

Paediatric germ cell tumours and congenital abnormalities: a Children's Oncology Group study

Origins and molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors

Perinatal determinants of germ-cell testicular cancer in relation to histological subtypes

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