Risk factors for the development of seizures after cranioplasty in patients that sustained traumatic brain injury: A systematic review

Spencer, Robert; Manivannan, Susruta; Sharouf, Feras; Bhatti, Muhammad Imran; Zaben, Malik

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2019.03.014

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…66) Similarly, cerebral contusions can induce abrupt cerebral edema of nearly all neuronal cells of the cerebrum and can induce longer morbidity consisting of complications such as seizure. 67) In HSP, skin purpuric vasculitis appears mainly in pressured areas such as the buttocks and lower extremities and can be easily elicited by mild external pressure such as a tourniquet test. 68) The initiation of joint symptoms may be related to minor physical trauma at the affected joints such as the knees and hips in many patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis or other adult arthropathies, including osteoarthritis.…”

Section: Coronaviruses and Immune Reaction 1 Host Immune Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sympathetic ophthalmia occurs when a traumatic injury to one eyeball induces inflammation in other healthy eye [ 66 ]. Similarly, cerebral contusions can induce abrupt cerebral edema of nearly all neuronal cells of the cerebrum and can induce longer morbidity consisting of complications such as seizure [ 67 ]. In HSP, skin purpuric vasculitis appears mainly in pressured areas such as the buttocks and lower extremities and can be easily elicited by mild external pressure such as a tourniquet test [ 68 ].…”

Section: Coronaviruses and Immune Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

2020

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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Although its etiologic agent is discovered as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are many unsolved issues in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The causes of different clinical phenotypes and incubation periods among individuals, species specificity, and cytokine storm with lymphopenia as well as the mechanism of damage to organ cells are unknown. It has been suggested that in viral pneumonia, virus itself is not a direct cause of acute lung injury; rather, aberrant immune reactions of the host to the insults from viral infection are responsible. According to its epidemiological and clinical characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 may be a virus with low virulence in nature that has adapted to the human species. Current immunological concepts have limited ability to explain such unsolved issues, and a presumed immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is presented under the proteinhomeostasis-system hypothesis. Every disease, including COVID-19, has etiological substances controlled by the host immune system according to size and biochemical properties. Patients with severe pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 show more severe hypercytokinemia with corresponding lymphocytopenia than patients with mild pneumonia; thus, early immunomodulator treatment, including corticosteroids, has been considered. However, current guidelines recommend their use only for patients with advanced pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia may be the same for all patients regardless of age or severity and the critical immune-mediated lung injury may begin in the early stage of the disease, early immunomodulator treatment, including corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, can help reduce morbidity and possibly mortality rates of older patients with underlying conditions.

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Section: Coronaviruses and Immune Reaction 1 Host Immune Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coronaviruses and Immune Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

2020

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“…Third, our analysis did not stratify the data by age, sex, severity of injury, comorbidities, or other variables that may have influenced the results [88]. Neither did it account for the anatomic heterogeneity of CP, as patients with unilateral, bilateral, and bifrontal craniectomies of various sizes were pooled together, even though bifrontal procedures may have significantly higher infection rates and increased risk for reoperation [89].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth, the analysis treated each case of complication as an independent event. This may not be completely accurate, as in reality once a complication has accrued, it tends to predispose the patient for other complications [88].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications of cranioplasty in relationship to traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021

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Despite being a common procedure, cranioplasty (CP) is associated with a variety of serious, at times lethal, complications. This study explored the relationship between the initial injury leading to decompressive craniectomy (DC) and the rates and types of complications after subsequent CP. It specifically compared between traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and patients undergoing CP after DC for other indications.A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases using PRISMA guidelines was performed to include case-control studies, cohorts, and clinical trials reporting complication data for CP after DC. Information about the patients’ characteristics and the rates of overall and specific complications in TBI and non-TBI patients was extracted, summarized, and analyzed.A total of 59 studies, including the authors’ institutional experience, encompassing 9264 patients (4671 TBI vs. 4593 non-TBI) met the inclusion criteria; this total also included 149 cases from our institutional series. The results of the analysis of the published series are shown both with and without our series 23 studies reported overall complications, 40 reported infections, 10 reported new-onset seizures, 13 reported bone flap resorption (BFR), 5 reported post-CP hydrocephalus, 10 reported intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and 8 reported extra-axial fluid collections (EFC). TBI was associated with increased odds of BFR (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, p < 0.01) and infection (OR 1.38, p = 0.02). No difference was detected in the odds of overall complications, seizures, hydrocephalus, ICH, or EFC.Awareness of increased risks of BFR and infection after CP in TBI patients promotes the implementation of new strategies to prevent these complications especially in this category of patients.

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“…They established the link between various factors leading to post craniotomy seizures (Table2). The pooled incidence of postcranioplasty seizures was 5.1% with 95% CI ( 2.6-8.2)[31].…”

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confidence: 97%

Post-Traumatic Seizures: A Deep-Dive Into Pathogenesis

Anwer

Oliveri

Fotios

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) have become an emerging challenge for neurologists worldwide with the rise of brain injuries. Trauma can lead to various outcomes, ranging from naive spasms to debilitating posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). In this article, we will explore the pathogenesis of convulsions following a concussion. We will look at multiple studies to explain the various structural, metabolic, and inflammatory changes leading to seizures. Additionally, we will explore the association between severity and location of injury and PTE. PTE's pathophysiology is not entirely implicit, and we are still in the dark as to which antiepileptic drugs will be useful in circumventing these attacks. The purpose of this narrative review is to explain the post-traumatic brain changes in detail so that such attacks can be either thwarted or treated more resourcefully in the future.

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Risk factors for the development of seizures after cranioplasty in patients that sustained traumatic brain injury: A systematic review

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

Complications of cranioplasty in relationship to traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Post-Traumatic Seizures: A Deep-Dive Into Pathogenesis

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